Die Struktur von Tadalafil erlaubt eine selektive Bindung an die Bindungsstelle der PDE5 und minimiert gleichzeitig die Interaktion mit PDE6, was visuelle Nebenwirkungen einschränkt. Seine Verteilung im Organismus erfolgt breit, wobei das Verteilungsvolumen etwa 63 Liter beträgt. Über 90 % des Wirkstoffs sind an Plasmaproteine gebunden. Die Wirkung bleibt unabhängig von der Nahrungsaufnahme konstant. Der Abbauweg über CYP3A4 kann durch Hemmer wie Ritonavir oder Ketoconazol verlangsamt werden, was die Plasmakonzentrationen deutlich erhöht. In diesem Kontext wird cialis 20mg preis häufig in Bezug auf pharmakokinetische Wechselwirkungen erwähnt.

Distanceriding.org

American Endurance Ride Conference
Rule 13 Appendices
Please see the AERC Rules and Regulations (revised December 1, 2011) for complete information about AERC drug rule policy.
Appendix A. Prohibited Substances
Acepromazine. Atrovet,.Notensil,.PromAce®.
Benazeprilat,.Benazepril.and.MC-tab.Lotrel,.
Acetaminophen.(Paracetamol).Tylenol,.Tempra,.etc.
Carticaine.(see.articaine). Septocaine;.
Cathinone.(khat,.kat,.qat,.quat,.chat,.catha,.
Albuterol.(Salbutamol).Proventil,.Ventolin.
Deoxycorticosterone. Percortin,.DOCA,.
Aldosterone. Aldocortin,.Electrocortin.
Chloral.hydrate. Nactec,.Oridrate,.etc.
Desipramine. Norpromine,.Pertofrane.
Aminoglycosides. Gentocin,.Amiglyde,.Tobrex,.
Chlorpheniramine.Chlortriemton,.etc.
Dibucaine. Nupercainal,.Cinchocaine.
amikacin,.tobramycin,.neomycin,.spectinomycin Chlorpromazine.Thorazine,.Largactil.
Diclofenac. Surpass,.Voltaren,.Voltarol.
Butabarbital.(Secbutobarbitone). Butacaps,.
Butamben.(butyl.aminobenzoate). Butesin.
Cloxazolam.Enadel,.Sepazon,.Tolestan.
Articaine.Septocaine;.Ultracaine,.etc.
Azaperone. Stresnil,.Suicalm,.Fentaz.(with.
Droperidol.Inapsine,.Droleptan,.Innovar-Vet.
A. Prohibited Substances . . .
Fluphenazine.Prolixin,.Permitil,.Anatensol,.etc.
Enalapril.(metabolite.enaloprilat).Vasotec.
Methotrimeprazine.Levoprome,.Neurocil,.etc.
Ergotamine. Gynergen,.Cafergot,.etc.
Fosinopril,.metabolite,.Fosinoprilat.Monopril Levothyroxine. Eltroxin,.Synthroid,.Soloxine,.
Erythropoietin.(EPO).Epogen,.Procrit,.etc.
Estazolam.Domnamid,.Eurodin,.Nuctalon.
Gamma-oryzanol.(other.than.naturally.occurs.
in.equine.feeds.such.as.rice.bran/rice.bran.oil) Guaifenesin.(glycerol.guiacolate). Gecolate Ethylaminobenzoate.(Benzocaine). Semets,.etc.
Macrolides. Zithromax,.Biaxxin.(including.
erythromycin,.azithromycin,.clarithromycin) Magnesium.sulphate.administered.for.the.
purpose.of.and.at.the.levels.of.providing.
a.calming/tranquilizing.effect.Magnesium.
Hemoglobin.glutamers.Oxyglobin.Hemopure.
sulphate.administered.as.an.electrolyte.
Moexipril.(metabolite,.moexiprilat).Uniretic.
Hydrocortisone.(Cortisol). Cortef,.etc.
Nabumetone.Anthraxan,.Relafen,.Reliflex.
Ibuprofen.Motrin,.Advil,.Nurpin,.etc.
Mephobarbital.(Methylphenobarbital).Mebaral.
Nandrolone.Nandrolin,.Laurabolin,.Durabolin.
Flunitrazepam. Rohypnol,.Narcozep,.Darkene,.
Fluoroquinolones. Baytril,.Cipro,.Ciloxan,.A180 Ketamine. Ketalar,.Ketaset,.Vetalar.
(including.enrofloxacin,.ciprofloxacin,.
Ketazolam.Anxon,.Laftram,.Solatran,.Loftran.
A. Prohibited Substances . . .
Omeprozole.Gastroguard,.Ulcerguard,.Prilosec,.
Trandolapril.(and.metabolite,.trandolaprilat) Secobarbital.(Quinalbarbitone).Seconal.
Spirapril,.metabolite.Spiraprilat. Renomax.
Succinylcholine. Sucostrin,.Quelin,.etc.
Prochlorperazine.Darbazine,.Compazine.
Sulfonamides.and.Potentiated.Sulfonamides.
Tribrissen,.Septra,.TMS.(sulfamethazine,.
(including.procaine.penicillin.G,.sodium.or.
Pentaerythritol.tetranitrate. Duotrate.
Pyrithyldione. Hybersulfan,.Sonodor.
Yucca.other.than.as.a.feed.additive.for.the.
Quinapril,.metabolite.Quinaprilat. Accupril.
purpose.of.and.at.the.levels.of.ammonia.
Ramipril,.metabolite.Ramiprilat. Altace.
Phenylephrine.Isophrin,.Neo-Synephrine.
Appendix B. Categories of Prohibited Substances
1. Anti-inflammatory. drugs. (steroidal. and/or. non- 12.Hormonal.products.(natural.or.synthesized).ex- steroidal).or.other.substances.that.have.similar.phar- cept.for.progesterone.or.similar.acting.progestagens.
in.mares.only,.administered.for.the.purpose.of.con- 2.Antipsychotic,.anti-epilectic.and.antihypertensive.
25. Bronchodialators. and. products. used. for. the.
13.Pharmacological.substances.designed.and.mar- treatment.of.recurrent.airway.disease,.mucolytics.and.
3.Antidepressants.such.as.selective.serotonin.reup- keted.primarily.for.human.use.or.use.in.other.species.
take. inhibitors,. monoamine. oxidase. inhibitors. and.
and. for. which. alternative. and. generally. accepted.
4.Tranquilizers.and.sedatives.including.benzodiaz- 14.Hypersensitizing.or.desensitizing.agents.
30.Topical.agents,.including.ophthalmic,.otic,.der- mal.and.wound.ointments.or.liniments.that.contain.
7. Amphetamines. and. other. central. nervous. system.
stimulants.including.cocaine.and.related.psychotic.drugs 19.Proton.pump.inhibitors.and.H2.receptor.antago- 31. Any. substance. administered. while. competing.
in.an.endurance.ride.by.nasogastric.tube.or.syringe/ 10.Anabolic.steroids.and.growth.promoters 21.Substances.designed,.marketed,.and/or.admin- 32. Yucca. administered. for. the. purpose. of. and. at.
11.Peptides.and.genetically.recombinant.substanc- istered.to.affect.the.behavior.of.an.equine.in.a.calm- the.levels.of.ammonia.reduction.and.intestinal.health.
es.such.as.erythropoietin,.insulin.growth.factor.and.
ing.(tranquilizing).or.energizing.(stimulating).manner.
Yucca.administered.for.any.other.purpose.or.at.levels.
This.is.to.include.herbal.and/or.natural.products.
to.provide.anti-inflammatory.effect.is.prohibited.
Appendix C. Allowed Substances
1.Vitamins.(other.than.thiamine.administered.for.the.
7.Progesterone.and.similar.acting.progestagens.such.
purpose.of.providing.a.calming/tranquilizing.effect) as. altrenogest. (Regumate). only. in. mares. to. control.
12.Magnesium.sulphate.admistered.for.the.purpose.
8. The. fol owing. chondroprotective. agents:. glucos- of.electrolyte.supplementation.Magnesium.sulphate.
4. Topical.agents.such.as.liniments.and.wound.dressings.
amine,. chondroitin. sulfate,. polysulfated. glycosami- administered.for.the.purpose.of.and.at.the.levels.of.
that.do.not.contain.a.prohibited.substance noglycan,. hyaluronate. Not. to. be. administered. by.
providing.a.calming/tranquilizing.effect.is.prohibited.
needle/syringe.while.competing.in.an.endurance.ride.
6.Ice.and.ice.water.administered.orally.and/or.topi- *There.is.insufficient.information.available.to.advise.
9. Acid. neutralizers. including. aluminum. hydroxide.
as.to.the.timing.of.administration.close.to.the.time.
Appendix D. Threshhold Levels
Urinary.thresholds.refer.to.the.parent.drug.and/or.metabolite.S.=.stallions,.G.=.geldings,.M.=.mares) Flunixin.(Banamine). 50.ng/ml. plasma.
. (epitestosterone). 20.ng/ml.(G). urine.
*The.threshold.for.furosemide.applies.only.if.the.urine.
Dimethylsulfoxide.(DMSO). 15,000.ng/ml. urine specific.gravity.is.less.than.1.010.
Appendix E. Known Detection Times for Substances Used Therapeutically in the Horse
Typical Dose/Route* for
Elimination Detection Limit
Drug (Brand Name)
Therapeutic Indication
1000 lb. (450kg) Horse
Half-Life
Source of Info.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tranquilizers/Sedatives
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________acepromazine.(Atravet®,.PromAce®).
Tranquilizer.used.for.calming.horses. Has.no.pain-relieving.action.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________butorphanol.(Torbugesic®).
Sedative.with.pain-relieving.action,.used.frequently.to.treat.colic.in.horses.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________dantrolene.(Dantrium®).
Muscle.relaxant.used.in.horses.with.myopathies.(“tying-up”).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________detomidine.(Dormosedan®).
Sedative.with.pain-relieving.action,.used.frequently.to.treat.colic.in.horses.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________guaifenesin.(Guailaxin®,.Gecolate®).
Muscle.relaxant.used.in.horses.with.myopathies.(“tying-up”).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________methocarbamol.(Robaxin®).
Muscle.relaxant.used.in.horses.with.myopathies.(“tying-up”).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________romifidine.(Sedivet®).
Sedative.with.pain-relieving.action,.used.frequently.to.treat.colic.in.horses.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Anti-inflammatories/Pain Relievers
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________aspirin.
Oral y.or.pain-reliever.in.the.horse. Sometimes.used.to.treat.periodic.ophthalmia. 11.7.grams.Orally.
(“moon.blindness”),.laminitis,.and.colic.due.to.parasite.damage.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________diclofenac.sodium.(Surpass).
Applied.topically.as.an.anti-inflammatory.agent.
Five-inch.ribbon.of.1%.cream. N/A**.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________dimethylsulfoxide.(DMSO).
Applied.topically.as.an.anti-inflammatory.agent,.given.IV.to.treat.myopathies. 19.8.grams.topically.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________flunixin.meglumine.(Banamine®).
Nonsteroidal.anti-inflammatory.drug.used.to.treat.colic.and.
musculoskeletal.pain.and.inflammation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ketoprofen.(Ketofen®,.Anafen®).
Nonsteroidal.anti-inflammatory.drug.used.to.treat.colic.
and.musculoskeletal.pain.and.inflammation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________lidocaine.(Xylocaine®).
Local.anesthetic.used.to.block.nerves.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________meclofenamic.acid.(Arquel®).
Nonsteroidal.anti-inflammatory.drug.used.to.treat.colic.and.
musculoskeletal.pain.and.inflammation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________mepivicaine.(Carbocaine®).
Local.anesthetic.used.to.block.nerves.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________naproxen.(Equiproxen,.Aleeve®).
Nonsteroidal.anti-inflammatory.drug.used.to.treat.colic.and.
musculoskeletal.pain.and.inflammation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________pergolide.(Permax,.Teva).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________phenylbutazone.(“Bute”).
Nonsteroidal.anti-inflammatory.drug.used.to.treat.colic.and.
musculoskeletal.pain.and.inflammation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________procaine.(Novocaine®).
Local.anesthetic.used.to.block.nerves.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________procaine.penicillin.G.
Combined.with.penicillin.to.make.the.antibiotic.slowly.absorbed.from.the.
injection.site,.to.give.it.a.long.duration.of.antibacterial.action.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Corticosteroids
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________betamethasone.(Betasone®,.Celestone®). Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________dexamethasone.(Azium®).
Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________flumethasone.(Flucort®).
Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________isoflupredone.(Predef.2X®).
Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________methylprednisolone.acetate.
Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________prednisolone.
Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________prednisone.
Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________triamcinolone.(Vetalog®).
Anti-inflammatory;.allergic.reactions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Miscellaneous Drugs
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________aminophylline.
Opens.airways.in.horses.with.“heaves”.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________clenbuterol.(Ventipulmin®).
Opens.airways.in.horses.with.“heaves”.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________dembrexine.(Sputolysin®).
Expectorant.for.horses.with.“heaves”.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________diphenhydramine.(Benadryl®).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________isoxuprine.(Vasodilan®).
Dilates.blood.vessels,.used.for.treatment.of.navicular.disease.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________omeprazole.(Gastrogard®,.Ulcergard®). Proton.pum.inhibitor.used.for.the.treatment.of.esophagitis,.erosive.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________theophylline.
Opens.airways.in.horses.with.“heaves”.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*.IV.-.intravenous,.IM.-.Intramuscular,.SC.-.Subcutaneous,.IA.-.Intra-articular.(into.the.joint);. **.No.information.available.
Appendix F. Prohibited Treatments
1.Acupuncture,.or.any.procedure.involving.the.
Appendix.G.item.4).for.the.purpose.of.administer- points. This.would.include.but.not.be.limited.to.
insertion.of.a.needle.into.the.equine.
ing.a.substance.or.to.stimulate.a.response.
2.Osseous.manipulation.(chiropractic).
5.Extracorporeal.Shockwave.therapy.or.similar.
7.Administration.of.a.local.anesthetic,.either.
3. Any. manipulative. procedure. using. an. ex- device. to. produce. a. temporary. or. permanent.
topical,.injectable.or.oral.to.any.part.of.the.horse.
ternal.device.or.instrument.such.as.devices.to.
analgesia.This.would.also.include.radiofrequency.
or.any.procedure.that.results.in.desensitization.
manipulate.or.stimulate.acupressure.or.response.
(RF). neurectomy. Extracorporeal. shockwave.
points,.including.but.not.limited.to.bioscans,.laser.
therapy.is.not.permitted.within.7.days.of.com- 8.Pinfiring/pinfreezing.–.visible.active,.open.
lesions.from.such.a.procedure.would.prohibit.a.
4.Any.procedure.involving.the.placement.of.a.
6. Any. external. magnetic. field. device. or.
tube.or.other.instrument.into.the.equine.(other.
electropulse. generator. device. applied. either.
9.The.use.of.substances.or.devices.that.cool.
than.the.oral.cavity.using.a.dosing.syringe,.see.
over.the.entire.body.or.specifically.on.pressure.
Appendix G. Allowable Treatments
1.Massage,.deep.massage/acupressure.using.digital.(hand/finger).pres- ice. water. The. use. of. devices. or. substances. that. cool. below. 0. degrees.
2.The.use.of.instruments.commonly.know.as.grooming.instruments.
4.The.oral.administration.of.permitted.substances.by.means.of.dosing.
3.The.use.of.ice.boots.and.other.means.of.applying.ice/ice.water.topical y.
Can.include.the.use.of.compression.wraps.as.well.as.devices.that.circulate.
5.Healed.scars.from.pinfiring.are.allowed.

Source: http://www.distanceriding.org/php/articles/vets/DrugRuleAppendices-2011.pdf