Microsoft word - gothic plantlist august 2007.doc
This list of the vascular plants of the Gothic area was developed as a result of studies of specimens of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL) Herbarium, literature searches plus extensive field activity and collecting by the authors. The list covers the following geographic area in Gunnison County, CO: From the highest point west of Queen Basin along the ridge to White Rock Mountain and then to the Gunnison-Pitkin County line at Triangle Pass. North and west along the county line (which follows the ridges) to West Maroon Pass and the Forest Service boundary. Following the boundary along the ridge to Bellview Mountain, Schofield Pass, and to the top of Mount Baldy. East along the Mount Baldy ridgeline over Gothic Mountain to the top of Snodgrass Mountain. From Snodgrass, northeastward and back to the ridge above Queen Basin including the several Kettle Ponds in the East River Valley Meadows. (Fig. 1) Hartman and Nelson’s (2001)
A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Colorado is the basic botanical authority for this checklist. Plant taxonomy is always in flux; the decision to use Hartman and Nelson was based on practicalities, not, to quote those authors “that we have superior knowledge!” Synonymies from Weber and Wittmann’s floras (1996 and 2001) are included since that taxonomy is familiar to many who botanize in Colorado. For those familiar with our first edition, Appendix 1 lists older taxonomic names (and synonymies) that otherwise do not appear in this third edition. Other useful treatments of Rocky Mountain flora are listed in the references. The authors did not attempt to verify each and every identification in the RMBL Herbarium nor was it possible to check independently for complete accuracy in early plant lists that were used as starting points for this work. It is recognized there may be errors, but the authors are confident, based on an extensive familiarity with the local flora, they are few. The authors would be pleased to know of additions or corrections to this list.
Barrell, J. 1969.
Flora of the Gunnison Basin. Natural Land Institute, Rockford, IL. 494 pp. Buck, P. and B. A. Frase. 1993.
Vascular Plants of the Gothic Area. Rocky Mountain Biological
Harrington, H. D. 1964.
Manual of the Plants of Colorado. Swallow Press, Denver, CO. 666 pp. Hartman, R. L. and B. E. Nelson. 2001.
A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Colorado.
http://www.rmh.uwyo.edu Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming, Laramie. ca. 183 pp.
Warren, K. D. 2006.
Wild about Wildflowers: Extreme Botanizing in Crested Butte, Wildflower
Capital of Colorado. Second edition. WildKat Pub., Glendale, AZ. 224 pp.
Weber, W. A. and R. C. Wittmann. 1996.
Colorado Flora: Eastern Slope. Second edition.
University Press of Colorado, Niwot, CO. 396 pp.
Weber, W. A. and R. C. Wittmann. 1996.
Colorado Flora: Western Slope. Second edition.
University Press of Colorado, Niwot, CO. 496 pp.
Weber, W. A. and R. C. Wittmann. 2001.
Colorado Flora: Western Slope. Third edition.
University Press of Colorado, Niwot, CO. 488 pp
Acknowledgments. We are indebted to Elissa Schuett and Beth Ross for word processing, and to Diana Browning for checking numerous details of taxonomy and synonymy. We are grateful to the many RMBL researchers who have been generous with identifications, specimens and locality information.
Fern Allies
Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun
Hippochaete laevigata (A. Braun) Farw. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Hippochaete variegata (Schleich.) Bruhin of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Isoëtes bolanderi Engelm
.
SELAGINELLACEAE - Little Club-Moss Family
ASPLENIACEAE - Spleenwort Family +
Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum L.
A. viride Hudson of Weber and Wittmann 2001
ASPIDIACEAE (see Polypodiaceae) - Shield-Fern Family ATHYRIACEAE (see Dryopteridaceae) - Lady-Fern Family CRYPTOGRAMMACEAE (see Pteridiaceae) - Rock Brake Family DENNSTAEDTIACEAE – Bracken Family
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kunh. (Hypolepidaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
DRYOPTERIDACEAE (Includes Athyriaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996) - Wood-Fern Family
Anthyrium felix-femina (L.) Roth +
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman HYPOLEPIDACEAE (see Dennstaedtiaceae) - Bracken Family OPHIOGLOSSACEAE - Adder's Tongue Family
Botrychium hesperium (Maxon and R. T. Clausen) W. H. Wagner and Lellinger
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.
POLYPODIACEAE - Polypody Family (Segregated into Aspidiaceae, Athyriaceae, and Woodsiaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (Athyriaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth. (Aspidiaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton (Woodsiaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
PTERIDACEAE (includes Cryptogrammaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996) – Maidenhair Family
Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br.
Cryptogramma stelleri (Geml.) Prantl WOODSIACEAE (see Polypodiaceae) - Woodsia Family
GYMNOSPERMAE - Naked Seed Plants
Abies arizonica Merriam
Picea engelmanni (Parry) Engelm.
Pinus contorta Engelm.
Pinus aristata Engelm.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton
P. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco of Weber and Wittmann 1996
ANGIOSPERMAE - Enclosed Seed Plants
ALLIACEAE (see Liliaceae) - Onion Family ALSINACEAE (see Caryophyllaceae) - Chickweed Family APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) - Parsley Family
Angelica ampla A. Nelson
Angelica grayi J. M. Coult. and Rose
Conioselinum scopulorum (A. Gray) J. M. Coult. & Rose
Cymopterus alpinus A. Gray
Oreoxis alpina (A. Gray) J. M. Coult. & Rose
Cymopteris lemonii (J. M. Coult. & Rose) Dorn
Pseudocymopteris montanus (A. Gray) J. M. Coult. & Rose of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Heracleum sphondylium L. var.
lanatum (Michx.) Dorn
H. sphondylium L. ssp.
montanum (Schleich.) Briq. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Ligusticum tenuifolium S. Watson
L. filicinum S. Watson
Ligusticum porteri J. M. Coult. & Rose
Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance
Osmorhiza depauperata Phil.
Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr.
Oxypolis fendleri (A. Gray) A. Heller
Asclepias speciosa Torr. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Asclepias subverticillata (A. Gray) Vail ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) - Sunflower Family
Achillea millefolium L. var.
lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper
A. lanulosa Nutt. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) D. Dietr.
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.
Antennaria anaphaloides Rydb.
A. pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene ssp.
anaphaloides (Rydb.) W.A. Weber of Weber and
Antennaria corymbosa E. Nelson
Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray
Antennaria media Greene
Antennaria microphylla Rydb.
Antennaria parvifolia Nutt.
Antennaria rosea Greene
Antennaria rosulata Rydb.
Antennaria umbrinella Rydb.
Arnica chamissonis Less.
Arnica cordifolia Hook.
Arnica latifolia Bong.
Arnica longifolia D.C. Eaton
Arnica mollis Hook.
Arnica parryi A. Gray
Arnica rydbergii Greene
Seriphidium canum (Pursh) W.A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Oligosporus dracunculus (L.) Poljakov of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Artemisia frigida Willd.
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Artemisia scopulorum A. Gray
Artemisia tridentata Nutt.
Seriphidium tridentatum (Nutt.) Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Virgulaster ascendens (Lindl. ex Hook.) Semple of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Aster engelmannii (D.C. Eaton) A. Gray
Eucephalus engelmannii (D. C. Eaton) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Aster foliaceus Lindl.
Aster glaucodes S. F. Blake
Eucephalus glaucus Nutt. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray
A. spathulatus Lindl. ex DC of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Aster oregonus (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray
Aster pauciflorus Nutt.
Almutaster pauciflorus (Nutt.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Bahia dissecta (A. Gray) Britton
Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.
Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.
Chaenactis alpina (A. Gray) M.E. Jones
Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.
*Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Breea arvense (L.) Less. of Weber and Wttmann 1996
Cirsium tioganum (Congd.) Petr. var.
coloradense (Rydb.) Dorn
+
Cirsium eatonii (A. Gray) B. L. Rob.
Cirsium parryi (A. Gray) Petrak
Cirsium scopulorum (Greene) Cockerell
C. hesperium (Eastw.) Petrak (distinct species from above Weber and Wittmann 2001)
Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.
Crepis acuminata Nutt.
Psilochenia acuminata (Nutt.) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Psilochenia intermedia (A. Gray) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Askellia nana (Richardson) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Crepis runcinata (E. James) Torr. & A. Gray
Psilochenia runcinata (E. James) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Macronema discoideum Nutt. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Ericameria nauseosa Pall. and Pursh
Chrysothamnus nauseosa (Pall.) Britton of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Ericameria parryi A. Gray
Chrysothamnus parryi (A. Gray) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Trimorpha elongata (Ledeb.) Vier. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Erigeron compositus Pursh
Erigeron coulteri Porter
Erigeron eatoni A. Gray
Erigeron elatior (A. Gray) Greene
Erigeron eximius Greene
Erigeron flagellaris A. Gray
Erigeron formosissimus Greene
Erigeron glabellus Nutt.
Erigeron leiomeris A. Gray
Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook.
Trimorpha lonchophylla (Hook.) Nesom of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Erigeron melanocephalus A. Nelson
Erigeron peregrinus (Pursh) Greene
Erigeron pinnatisectus (A. Gray) A. Nelson
Erigeron pumilus Nutt.
Erigeron simplex Greene
Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC.
Erigeron subtrinervis Rydb.
Erigeron vagus Payson
Gnaphalium exilifolium A. Nelson
G. uliginosum L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Helianthella quinquenervis (Hooker) A. Gray
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
Chlorocrepis fendleri (Sch. Bip.) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Chlorocrepis tristis (Willd.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Hymenoxys hoopesii (A. Gray) Bierner
Dugaldia hoopesii (A. Gray) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Lactuca canadensis L. var.
longifolia (Michx.) Farw.
Machaeranthera bigelovii A. Gray
Machaeranthera canescens Pursh
+
*Madia glomerata Hook.
*Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter
Lepidotheca suaveolens Nutt. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
*Matricaria perforata Merat
Packera cana (Hook.) W. A. Weber & A. Löve
Packera crocata (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & A. Löve
Packera dimorphophylla (Greene) W. A. Weber & A. Löve
Packera porteri (Greene) C. Jeffrey
Ligularia porteri (Greene) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Packera pseudaurea (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & A. Löve
Packera streptanthifolia (Greene) W. A. Weber & A. Löve
Packera werneriifolia (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & A. Löve
Petasites sagittata (Pursh) A. Gray
Pseudognaphalium viscosum (Kunth) Weber
Pyrrocoma crocea (A. Gray) Greene
Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. of W. A. Weber and Wittmann 1996
Senecio amplectens A. Gray
Ligularia amplectens (A. Gray) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Senecio atratus Greene
Senecio bigelovii A. Gray
Ligularia bigelovii (A. Gray) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Senecio crassulus A. Gray
Senecio eremophilus Richardson
Senecio fremontii Torr. & A. Gray
Senecio integerrimus Nutt.
Senecio pudicus Greene
Ligularia pudica (Greene) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Senecio serra Hook.
Senecio soldanella A. Gray
Ligularia soldanella (A. Gray) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Senecio triangularis Hook.
Solidago canadensis L.
Solidago missouriensis Nutt.
Solidago multiradiata Aiton
Solidago parryi (A. Gray) Greene
Oreochrysum parryi (Gray) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC.
T. ovinum Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Taraxacum eriophorum Rydb.
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ex. Besser
Taraxacum lyratum (Ledeb.) DC.
T. scopulorum (Gray) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Tetradymia canescens DC.
Tetraneuris grandiflora (Torr. & A. Gray) Parker
Rydbergia grandiflora (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze
+
Tonestus pygmaeus (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Nelson
Townsendia leptotes (A. Gray) Osterh.
Townsendia rothrockii A. Gray
Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.
Ximenesia encelioides Cav. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Viguiera multiflora (Nutt.) S. F. Blake
Heliomeris multiflora Nutt. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.
Wyethia arizonica A. Gray
BERBERIDACEAE - Barberry Family
Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don BETULACEAE - Birch Family
Alnus incana (L.) Moench.
Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I. M. Johnst.
Mertensia alpina (Torr.) G. Don
Mertensia bakeri Greene (Included in
M. lanceolata (Pursh) A. DC. by Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Mertensia ciliata (E. James) G. Don
Mertensia fusiformis Greene
Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A. DC.
Mertensia viridis A. Nelson (Included in
M. lanceolata (Pursh) A. DC. by Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hooker and Arn.) I. M. Johnst.
BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE) - Mustard Family
Boechera divaricarpa (Nelson) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Boechera drummondii (A.Gray) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Arabis fendleri (S. Watson) Greene
Boechera fendleri (S. Watson) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Turritis glabra L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.
Arabis lemmonii S. Watson
Boechera lemmonii (S. Watson) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Boechera lignifera (A. Nelson) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Boechera selbyi (Rydb.) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
*Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.
+
*Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
*Camelina microcarpa Andrz ex DC
*Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
*Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.
*Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC +
Descurainia californica (A. Gray) O. E. Schulz
Descurainia incana (Bernh. ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Dorn
Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britton
Draba aurea M. Vahl
Draba crassa Rydb.
Draba crassifolia R. Graham (Includes
D. stenoloba Harrington 1954)
Draba nemorosa L.
Draba lonchocarpa Rydb.
Draba oligosperma Hook.
Draba spectabilis Greene
Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. (Probably includes
E. capitatum (Doug.) Greene of Weber and
Wittmann 1996)
*Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
*Erysimum inconspicum (S. Watson) MacMill.
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
Lepidium montanum Nutt.
Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Noccaea montana (L.) Meyer
Physaria acutifolia Rydb.
Physaria alpina Rollins
Physaria floribunda Rydb.
+
Rorippa curvipes Greene +
Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bessey ex Britton
Rorippa islandica (Oeder ex. Murray) Borbás
R. palustris (L.) Besser of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene
Smelowskia calycina C.A. Meyer
*
Thlaspi arvense L. CALLITRICHACEAE - Water-Starwort Family
Callitriche hermaphroditica L.
Callitriche palustris L.
C. verna L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
CALOCHORTACEAE (see Liliaceae) - Mariposa Family
Campanula parryi A. Gray
Campanula rotundifolia L.
Campanula uniflora L.
Linnaea borealis L.
Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks
Distegia involucrata (Banks) Cockerell of Weber and Wittmann 1996
S. pubens Michx. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray
S. rotundifolius A. Gray of Weber and Wittmann 1996
CARYOPHYLLACEAE - Pink Family (Including Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Eremongone congesta (Nutt.) Ikonn. of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Cerastium strictum L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Cerastium beeringianum Cham. & Schlecht. (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydb.) House
Lidia obtusiloba (Rydb.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Tryphane rubella (Wahlenb.) Rchb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996) (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Moehringia laterifolia (L.) Fenzl. (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
+Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Fenzl +
Pseudostellaria jamesiana (Torr.) W. A. Weber & R. L. Hartm.
Sagina saginoides (L.) Karst. (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Silene acaulis L.
Silene drummondii Hook.
Gastrolychnis drummondii (Hook.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Gastrolychnis apetala (L.) Tolm. & Kozhanch. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Gastrolychnis kingii (S. Watson) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
*Silene latifolia Poir.
Melandrium dioicum (L.) Cosson & Germain of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Anotites menziesii (Hook.) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
*Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke +
Stellaria calycantha (Ledeb.) Bong.
Stellaria irrigua Bunge (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex. Willd. (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Stellaria longipes Goldie (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Stellaria umbellata Turcz. (Alsinaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Pachystima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. (Weber and Wittmann 1996 suggest the correct spelling is
Paxistima)
CHENOPODIACEAE -Goosefoot Family
+
*Chenopodium album L. +
Chenopodium atrovirens Rydb.
Chenopodium fremontii S. Watson
Chenopodium overi Aellen
C. foliosum (Moench) Asch. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene
CONVALLARIACEAE (see also Liliaceae) - Mayflower Family CONVOLVULACEAE - Morning-Glory Family
*Convolvulus arvensis L. CORNACEAE - Dogwood Family
Swida sericea (L.) Holub of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) A. Nelson
Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Tolmachevia integrifolia (Raf.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 2001
Clementsia rhodantha (A. Gray) Rose of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Amerosedum lanceolatum (Torr.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Carex albonigra Mack.
Carex aquatilis Wahlenb.
Carex arapahoensis Clokey
Carex atrata L.
C. chalciolepis Holm of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Carex atrosquama Mack.
Carex aurea Nutt.
Carex bella Bailey
C. engelmannii Bailey of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.
Carex canescens L.
Carex capillaris L.
Carex disperma Dewey
Carex ebenea Rydb.
Carex egglestonii Mack.
Carex elynoides Holm.
Carex foenea Willd.
Carex geyeri Boott
Carex gynocrates Wormsk.
C. dioica L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Carex haydeniana Olney
Carex hoodli Boott.
Carex illota Bailey
Carex interior Bailey
Carex laeviculmis Meinsh.
Carex lanuginosa Michx.
Carex microptera Mack.
C. festivella Mack. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Carex nardina Fr.
Carex nelsonii Mack.
Carex nigricans Mey.
Carex norvegica Retz.
Carex nova Bailey
Carex paupercula Michx.
C. magellanica Lam. ssp.
irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hultén of Weber and Wittmann 2001
Carex phaeocephala Piper
Carex pyrenaica Wahlenb.
C. crandallii Gandoger of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Carex rossii Boott
Carex rupestris All.
C. saxatilis L. ssp.
laxa (Trautv.) Kalela of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Carex stenophylla Wahlenb.
Carex utriculata Boott
Carex vesicaria L.
Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem and Schult.
Eriophorum polystchion L.
E. angustifolium Honck. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe
E. altaicum Meinsh. var.
neogaeum Raymond of Weber and Wittmann 2001
K. myosuroides (Vill.) of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K. C. Gmel.) Palla
S. lacustris (L.) Palla ssp.
validus (Vahl.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
E. triandra Schkuhr. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
ERICACEAE - Heath Family (Including Pyrolaceae Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Arctostaphylos uva-
ursi (L.) Spreng.
A. adenotricha (Fernald and Macbr.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydb.
+
Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) A. Heller
Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray (Pyrolaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Orthilia secunda (L.) House (Pyrolaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Pyrola asarifolia Michx.
P. rotundifolia L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Pyrolaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Pyrola chlorantha Swartz (Pyrolaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Pyrola minor L. (Pyrolaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Vaccinium cespitosum Michx.
Vaccinium myrtillus L.
Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg.
Astragalus alpinus L.
Astragalus bodinii Sheld.
+
*Astragalus cicer L. +
Astragalus eucosmus B. L. Rob.
Astragalus molybdenus Barneby
Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) Gray
Hedysarum occidentale Greene
L. leucanthus Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
L. caudatus Kellogg of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Lupinus lepidus Douglas ex Lindl.
L. caespitosus Nutt. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var.
prunophilus (M. E. Jones) L. Ll. Phillips
L. bakeri Greene ssp.
amplus Greene) Fleak & D. B. Dunn of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
*Medicago lupulina L.
+
*Medicago sativa L.
*Melilotus albus Medik.
*Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.
Oxytropis podocarpa A. Gray
Oxytropis viscida Nutt. ex. Torr. & A. Gray
Trifolium dasyphyllum Torr. & A. Gray
T. rusbyi Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
*Trifolium pratense L.
*Trifolium repens L.
FUMARIACEAE - Fumitory Family +
Corydalis aurea Willd.
Pneumonanthe affinis (Griseb.) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Gentianodes algida (Pall.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Chondrophylla aquatica (L.) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Pneumonanthe parryi (Engelm.) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner var.
acuta (Michx.) Herder
G. acuta (Michx.) Hiltonen of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner var.
heterosepala (Engelm.) Dorn
G. heterosepala (Engelm.) Holub of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Gentianopsis barbellata (Engelm.) Iltis
Gentianopis detonsa Rottb. Ma var.
elegans (A. Nelson) N. H. Holmgren
G. thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Geranium richardsonii Fisch. and Trautv.
Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. and C. A. Mey.
GROSSULARIACEAE - Currant or Gooseberry Family
Ribes cereum Douglas
Ribes coloradense Coville.
Ribes inerme Rydb.
Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.
Ribes montigenum McClat.
Ribes wolfii Rothrock
HELLEBORACEAE (see also Ranunculaceae) - Hellebore Family HIPPURIDACEAE - Mare’s Tail Family
Hydrophyllum capitatum Douglas ex. Benth.
Hydrophyllum fendleri (A. Gray) Heller
Nemophila breviflora A. Gray
+
Phacelia hastata Douglas ex Lehm.
Phacelia heterophylla Pursh
Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray
HYPERIACEAE - St. Johnswort Family +
Hypericum formosum Kunth IRIDACEAE - Iris Family
+
Sisyrinchium idahoense E. P. Bicknell
JUNCACEAE - Rush Family +
Juncus arcticus Willd.
Juncus confusus Coville
Juncus drummondii E. Mey.
Juncus ensifolius Wikstr.
J. saximontanus A. Nelson (distinct species from above Weber and Wittmann 1996)
J. tracyi Rydb. (distinct species Weber and Wittmann 1996 (A 15 February 1974 letter from F. J. Hermann to J. Barrell reports
J. tracyi as occurring in the Gunnison Basin. The addition is based upon H. G. Barclay's 1933 collections, 33-1 & 33-140.)
Juncus mertensianus Bong.
Juncus parryi Engelm.
Luzula comosa E. May
Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv.
Luzula spicata (L.) DC.
T. palustris L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.
Monardella odoratissima Benth.
Prunella vulgaris L.
LILIACEAE - Lily Family (Including Alliaceae, Calochortaceae, Convallariaceae, Melanthiaceae and Uvulariaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
A. brandegei S. Watson of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Alliaceae of Weber and Wittmann
Allium cernuum Roth. (Alliaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Allium geyeri S. Watson var.
tenerum M.E.Jones
A. rubrum Osterh. of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Alliaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Calochortus gunnisonii S. Watson (Calochortaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh
Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet
Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link
Maianthemum amplexicaule (Nutt.) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Convallariaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Maianthemum stellata (L.) Desf. (Convallariaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. & Lam.
Streptopus fassettii Löve and Löve (Uvulariaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Veratrum californicum Durant
V. tenuipetalum Heller of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Melanthiacaeae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Melanthiaceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Adenolinum lewisii (Pursh) Löve and Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
MALVACEAE - Mallow Family
*Malva neglecta Wallr.
Sidalcea candida A. Gray
Sidalcea neomexicana A. Gray
MELANTHIACEAE (see Liliaceae) - False Hellebore Family
C. danielsii D. Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
C. subdentatum (Rydb.) Löve & Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam.
Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl.
Epilobium ciliatum (Lehm.) Dorn
Epilobium clavatum Trel.
Epilobium hornemanni Rchb.
Epilobium lactiflorum Haussk.
Epilobium saximontanum Haussk.
Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & A. Gray
Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & A. Gray
Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett
Oenothera elata Kunth.
Oenothera villosa Thunb.
+
Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.
Corallorhiza trifida (L.) Châtel.
Goodyeara oblongifolia Raf.
Listera borealis Morong
Listera cordata (L.) R. Br.
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak
Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L. C. Beck var
albiflora (Cham.) Ledeb.
Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb. ssp.
albiflora (Cham.) A. Löve & Simon of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex. Pursh) Richards
Lysiella obtusata (Banks ex. Pursh) Britton Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Platanthera purpurascens (Rydb.) Sheviak and W.F. Jenn.
Limnorchis stricta (Lindl.) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. & Schl.
Aphyllon fasciculata (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torr. & A. Gray of Weber and Wittmann 1996
PAPAVERACEAE - Poppy Family
*Papavera nudicaule L.
Papaver croceum Ledeb., cultivar of above
PARNASSIACEAE - Grass-of-Parnassus Family
Parnassia fimbriata König PLANTAGINACEAE - Plantain Family
*P1antago lanceolata L.
*Plantago major L.
P1antago tweedyi A. Gray POACEAE (GRAMINEAE) - Grass Family
Agrostis exarata Trin.
+
*Agrostis gigantea Roth
+
*Alopecurus pratensis L.
*Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Presl.
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald
Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash
Bromus anomalus Rupr. ex. Fourn.
Bromopsis porteri (J. M. Coult.) Holub of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn.
Ceratochloa carinata (Hook. & Arn.) Tutin of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Bromopsis canadensis (Michx.) Holub of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Anisantha tectorum (L.) Nevski of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.
Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray
C. stricta (Timm) Koeler of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br.
Calamagrostis scopulorum M. E. Jones
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv.
Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb.
Danthonia intermedia Vasey
Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele
Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv.
Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey
Elymus glaucus Buckley
+*Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis
Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and D. R. Dewey of Weber and Wittmann 1966
Elymus saundersii Vasey
Elymus scribneri (Vasey) Jones
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould
Festuca idahoensis Elmer
Festuca brachyphylla Schult.
Festuca rubra L.
Festuca thurberi Vasey
+Glyceria elata (Nash ex Rydb.) M. E. Jones +
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.
+
Hierochloë hirta (Schrank) Borbás
Critesion brachyantherum (Nevski) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.
Melica spectabilis Scribn.
Bromelica spectabilis (Scribn.) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb. ex S. Watson) Rydb.
Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchc.
Phalaris arundinacea L.
Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert of Weber and Wittmann 1996
P. commutatum Gaudin of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Phleum pratense L.
Poa alpina L.
Poa annua L.
Poa arctica R. Br.
Poa cusickii Vasey
Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey
Poa glauca Vahl.
Poa interior Rydb.
P. nemoralis L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Poa nervosa (Hook.) Vasey
Poa occidentalis Vasey
Poa palustris L.
Poa pattersoni Vasey
P. abbreviata R. Br. of ssp.
pattersonii (Vasey) A. Löve , D. Löve, & B. M. Kapoor of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Achnatherum nelsonii Scribner of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Stipa lettermanii Vasey
Achnatherum lettermanii (Vasey) Barkworth of Weber and Wittmann 1966
Torreychloa pallida (Torr.) G. L. Church
T. pauciflora (Presl.) G. L. Church of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Trisetum montanum Vasey
Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt.
Trisetum wolfii Vasey
Collomia linearis Nutt.
Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. E. Grant
Phlox condensata (A. Gray) A. Nelson
Polemonium foliosissimum A. Gray
Polemonium occidentale Greene
P. caeruleum L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook.
Polemonium viscosum Nutt.
Eriogonum coloradense Small
Eriogonum tristichum Small
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
majus Hook.
E. subalpinum Greene (distinct species from above Weber and Wittmann 1996)
P. arenastrum Boreau of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Polygonum douglasii Greene
Polygonum kelloggii Greene
P. polygaloides Meisner of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Bistorta vivipara (L.) S. Gray of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Acetosella vulgaris (Koch) Fourr. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Rumex aquaticus L.
*Rumex crispus L.
Rumex densiflorus Osterh.
Rumex salicifolius Weinm.
R. triangulivalvis (Danser) Rechinger f. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Claytonia lanceolata Pursh
Claytonia megarhiza (Gray) Parry
Lewisia pygmaea (A. Gray) B. L. Rob.
Oreobroma pygmaea (Gray) Howell of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Lewisia triphylla (S. Watson) B. L. Rob.
Erocallis triphylla (S. Watson) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Montia chamissoi (Ledeb.) Durand & Jackson
Crunocallis chamissoi (Ledeb.) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
POTAMOGETONACEAE - Pondweed Family
Potomogeton pusillus L. PRIMULACEAE - Primrose Family
Androsace occidentalis Pursh
Androsace septentrionalis L.
Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr.
Primula parryi A. Gray
PYROLACEAE (see Ericaceae) - Wintergreen Family RANUNCULACEAE - Buttercup Family (Including Helleboraceae and Thalictraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Aconitum columbianum Nutt. (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann1996)
Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Anemone multifida Poir.
Anemone narcissiflora L.
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L.) Holub of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Anemone parviflora Michx.
Anemone patens L.
Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Aquilegia coerulea E. James (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1966)
Aquilegia elegantula Greene (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1966)
Caltha leptosepala DC.
Psychrophila leptosepala (DC.) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996 (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Delphinium barbeyi Huth. (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Myosurus minimus L.
Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer
+Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh
Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1966
Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schltdl.
Ranunculus flammula L.
R. reptans L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Ranunculus macauleyi A. Gray
Ranunculus macounii Britton
Ranunculus pedatifidus J.E. Sm.
Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don
+
Thalictrum alpinum L. (Thalictraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Thalictrum fendleri Engelm. (Thalictraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Trollius albiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. (Helleboraceae of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.
Dryas octopetala L.
Fragaria vesca L. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Fragaria virginiana Mill.
Geum macrophyllum Willd.
Geum rivale L.
Geum triflorum Pursh
Erythrocoma triflora (Pursh) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Acomastylis rossii (R. Br.) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Ivesia gordonii (Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray
Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt.) Heller
H. discolor (Pursh) Maxim. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Petrophyton caespitosum (Nutt.) Rydb.
Potentilla anserina L.
Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Drymocallus arguta (Pursh) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Potentilla concinna Richardson
Potentilla diversifolia Lehmann
Potentilla fruticosa L.
Pentaphylloides floribunda (Pursh) A. Löve of Weber and Wittmann 1996
P. pulcherrima Lehm. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Potentilla nivea L.
Potentilla rubricaulis Lehm.
Rosa woodsii Lindl.
Rubus idaeus L.
Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Rubacer parviflorum (Nutt.) Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Sibbaldia procumbens L.
Sorbus scopulina Greene
Spiraea douglasii Hook.
G. septentrionale Roem. & Schult. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Galium trifidum L.
Galium triflorum Michx.
+
*Galium verum L. SALICACEAE - Willow Family
Populus balsamifera L.
Populus tremuloides Michx.
Salix arctica Pall.
S. petrophila Rydb. of Weber and Wittmann 2001
Salix boothii Dorn.
Salix brachycarpa Nutt.
Salix drummondiana Barr.
S. lutea Nutt. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Salix exigua Nutt.
Salix glauca L.
S. lucida Muhl. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
S. pseudomonticola Ball (distinct species from above Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Salix planifolia Pursh
Salix reticulata L.
Salix wolfii Bebb
Heuchera parvifolia Nutt.
Lithophragma glabrum Nutt.
Mitella pentandra Hook.
Mitella stauropetala Piper
Saxifraga adscendens L.
Muscaria adscendens (L.) Small of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Ciliaria austromontana (Wiegand) W. A. Weber of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Saxifraga cernua L.
Saxifraga cespitosa L.
Muscaria delicatula Small of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Muscaria micropetala Small (distinct species from above Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Muscaria monticula (Small) Fedde (distinct species from above Weber and Wittmann 1966)
Saxifraga flagellaris Willd.
Hirculus platysepalus (Trautv.) W. A. Weber ssp.c
randallii (Gand) W. A. Weber of Weber
and Wittmann 1996
Saxifraga odontoloma Piper
Micranthes odontoloma (Piper) Heller of Weber and Wittmann 1996
S. hyperborea R. Br. (distinct species from above Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Mircanthes oregana (Howell) Small of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Micranthes rhomboidea (Greene) Small of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Sullivanta hapemanii (J. M. Coult. & Fish.) J. M. Coult.
Besseya alpina (Gray) Rydb.
Castilleja linariifolia Benth.
Castilleja miniata Douglas
Castilleja occidentalis Torr.
Castilleja rhexifolia Rydb.
Castilleja sulphurea Rydb.
Chionophila jamesii Benth.
Mimulus guttatus DC.
Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.
Pedicularis crenulata Benth.
Pedicularis groenlandica Retz.
Pedicularis parryi A. Gray
Pedicularis bracteosa Benth.
Pedicularis procera A. Gray
Pedicularis racemosa Douglas ex. Hook.
Pedicularis sudtica Willd.
P. scopulorum A. Gray of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Penstemon crandallii A. Nelson
P. cespitosus (Included in above Weber and Wittmann 1996)
Penstemon harbourii A. Gray
Penstemon rydbergii A. Nelson
Penstemon strictus Benth.
Penstemon whippleanus A. Gray
Veronica americana Schwein. ex. Benth.
Veronica peregrina L.
Veronica serpyllifolia L.
Veronicastrum serpyllifolium (L.) Fourr. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Veronica wormskjoldii Roem. & Schult.
V. nutans Bongard of Weber and Wittmann 1996
THALICTRACEAE (see Ranunculaceae) - Meadow Rue Family URTICACEAE - Nettle Family
U. gracilis Ait of Weber and Wittmann 1996
UVULARIACEAE (see Lilliaceae) – Bellwort Family VALERIANACEAE - Valerian Family
Valeriana acutiloba Rydb.
V. capitata Pall ex Link ssp
acutiloba (Rydb.) F. G. Mey. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex. Torr. & A. Gray
Valeriana occidentalis A. Heller
Viola adunca J. E. Sm.
Viola canadensis L.
V. scopulorum (A. Gray) Greene of Weber and Wittmann 1996
+
Viola labradorica Schrank +
Viola macloskeyi Lloyd
V. sororia Willd. of Weber and Wittmann 1996
Viola nuttallii Pursh
Viola palustris L.
+
Viola praemorsa Douglas ex Lindl.
+ denotes a taxon added since the 1993 edition. The authors strongly believe that these additional taxa represent species overlooked earlier, not range extensions since 1993. * denotes a non-native taxon from outside North America
Species names that appeared in Buck and Frase (1993) that do not appear in the revised checklist.
The older nomenclature is according to Harrington (1964); we have listed here the modern
synonymies according to Hartman and Nelson (2001).
Apiaceae
Osmorhiza obtusa (J. M. Coult & Rose) Fernald =
Osmorhiza depauperata Phil.
Asteraceae
Cirsium drummondii Torr. & A. Gray =
Cirsium colorodense (Rydb.) Cockerell =
C. tioganum
(Congd.) Petr. var.
coloradense (Rydb.) Dorn (this taxonomy is uncertain and complex)
Haplopappus macronema A. Gray =
Ericameria discoidea (Nutt.) G. L. Nelson var.
discoidea Helenium hoopseii A. Gray =
Hymenoxys hoopesii (A. Gray) Bierner
Solidago decumbens Greene =
Solidago simplex Kunth var.
nana (A. Gray) G. S. Ringius
Brassicaceae
Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) O. E. Schulz =
Descurainia incana Bernh. ex Fisch. & C. A.
Rorippa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton =
Rorippa teres (Michx.) Stuckey
Cyperaceae
Carex media R. Br.
= Carex norvegica Retz. var.
stevenii (Holm) Dorn
Onagraceae
Gayophytum nuttalli Torr. & A. Gray =
Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & A. Gray var.
strictipes
Poaceae
Agropyron saundersii (Vasey) Hitche. = Elymus saundersii Vasey
Agropyron scribneri Vasey =
Elymus scribneri (Vasey) M.E. Jones
Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte =
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners var.
Festuca elatior L. var.
arundinacea (Shreb) Celak. =
Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
Rosaceae
Potentilla quinquefolia Rydb. =
Potentilla concinna Richardson var.
concinna
Source: http://rmbl.org/modules/Downloads/docs/vascularplantlist_2007.pdf
What to expect during your bleaching treatment Your dentist has given you a bleaching kit to take home with you together with your bleaching trays. It is essential that you follow the instructions given to you by your dentist and the manufacturer’s instructions in wearing the trays and applying the bleaching agent. How long should I wear the trays for? This depends on the amount
Basic Cantillation CG-CANTR 519 Spring 2014 – 3 credits - 9:00-11:15 Fridays *Office Hours: Wednesday, Thursday, Friday by appointment Phone: 617-559-8647 (Hebrew College); 617-699-8864 (cell in case of emergency only) *Email: [email protected] (best way to reach me) COURSE DESCRIPTION: This class is an introduction to the basic concepts of Torah cantillation. Emphasis wi