ProductInformation Cell Culture Tested Water-Soluble Complexes CHLORAMPHENICOL - WATER SOLUBLE
With approx. 100 mg hydrocortisone per gram; balance 2- hydroxypropyl - $ - cyclodextrin. Product Number: C3175
Sold on the basis of mg of hydrocortisone
With approx. 100 mg chloramphenicol per gram; balance2 - hydroxypropyl - $- cyclodextrin. Sold on the basis ofmg of chloramphenicol. LINOLEIC ACID - WATER SOLUBLE Product Number: L5900 CHOLESTEROL - WATER SOLUBLE
With approx. 30 mg of linoleic acid per gram; balance
Product Number: C4951
With approx. 40 mg of cholesterol per gram; balancemethyl - $ - cyclodextrin. OLEIC ACID - WATER SOLUBLE
Sold on the basis of mg of cholesterol. Product Number: O1257
With approx. 30 mg oleic acid per gram; balance methyl
DEXAMETHASONE - WATER SOLUBLE Product Number: D2915
(Cyclodextrin encapsulated dexamethasone)
PROGESTERONE - WATER SOLUBLE
With approx. 65 mg dexamethasone per gram; balance
Product Number: P7556
2 - hydroxypropyl - $ - cyclodextrin.
(Cyclodextrin - encapsulated progesterone)
Sold on the basis of mg of dexamethasone.
With approx. 70 mg progesterone per gram; balance 2 -hydroxypropyl - $ - cyclodextrin. ERGOCALCIFEROL - WATER SOLUBLE
Sold on the basis of mg of progesterone. Product Number: E8014 RETINOL ACETATE - WATER SOLUBLE
With approx. 7 mg ergocalciferol per gram; balance
Product Number: R0635
methyl - $ - cyclodextrin. Sold on the basis of mg of
With a minimum of 5 mg retinol acetate per gram;balance methyl - $ - cyclodextrin. Sold on the basis of mg
$ - ESTRADIOL - WATER SOLUBLE Product Number: E4389
(Cyclodextrin - encapsulated 17$ - estradiol)
TESTOSTERONE - WATER SOLUBLE
With approx. 45 mg estradiol per gram; balance 2 -
Product Number: T5035
(Cyclodextrin - encapsulated testosterone)
Sold on the basis of mg of estradiol.
With approx. 109 mg testosterone per gram; balance 2 -hydroxypropyl - $ - cyclodextrin. HYDROCORTISONE - WATER SOLUBLE
Sold on the basis of mg of testosterone. Product Number: H0396
(Cyclodextrin - encapsulated hydrocortisone)
PRODUCT SOLUBILITY
Water-soluble complexes are soluble in water; difficulty may be encountered when attempting to solubilize in saltsolutions or buffers. Typical stock solutions can be prepared at concentrations of 50 – 500 mg solid (powder) in 1 mlwater. Solutions can be sterile filtered using a 0.2 :m membrane; the powders are not sterile. Solutions should bestored in working aliquots at -20ºC. When calculating molar (e.g., :M, mM, etc.) solutions, the molecular weight ofthe cyclodextrin component of the complex is typically disregarded and the solution is prepared considering theamount of the hormone in the preparation and its respective molecular weight (printed in the alphabetical listings ofthe Sigma catalog). CYCLODEXTRINS - WHAT ARE THEY?
Many metabolically important compounds, such as, fat-
Cavity size is the major determinant as to which
soluble vitamins and hormones have very low solubilities
cyclodextrin is used in complexation. >>Fit== is critical to
in aqueous solutions. Various approaches have been
achieving good incorporation of cyclodextrins. Six-
taken to utilize these compounds in tissue and cell
glucopyranose unit compounds or α-cyclodextrins have
culture applications. Two most frequently used
small cavities which are not capable of accepting many
approaches are: (1) predissolving the compounds in
molecules. Eight-glucopyranose unit compounds or γ-
organic solvents and (2) using >>carrier== molecules to
cyclodextrins have much larger cavities than many
facilitate the dissolution of these compounds. One such
molecules to be incorporated and cyclodextrin
class of >>carrier== molecules is the cyclodextrins or
hydrophobic charges can=t effectively interact to facilitate
complexation. The cavity diameter of b-cyclodextrins or
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of 6,
ß-glucopyranose unit compounds is well-suited for use
7, or 8 glucopyranose units, usually referred to as α-, ß-,
with molecules the size of hormones, vitamins and many
or γ-cyclodextrins, respectively. These naturally occurring
compounds frequently used in tissue and cell cultureapplications. For this reason, ß-cyclodextrin is most
compounds have relatively rigid doughnut-shaped
commonly used as a complexing agent.
structures, and have attracted interest as possiblenatural complexing agents. The unique structures of
Hydrophobic molecules are incorporated into the cavity
these compounds owe their stability to intramolecular
of cyclodextrins by displacing water. This reaction is
hydrogen bonding between the C2- and C3-hydroxyl
favored by the repulsion of the molecule by water. This
groups of neighboring glucopyranose units. The
effectively encapsulates the molecule of interest within
molecule takes on the shape of a torus with the C2- and
the cyclodextrin, rendering the molecule water soluble.
C3-hydroxyls located around the larger opening and the
When the water soluble complex is diluted in a much
more reactive C6-hydroxyl aligned around the smaller
larger volume of aqueous solvent, the process is
opening. The arrangement of C6-hydroxyls opposite the
reversed, thereby releasing the molecule of interest into
hydrogen bonded C2- and C3-hydroxyls forces the
oxygen bonds into close proximity within the cavity,
SIGMA=S product line of water-soluble complexes
leading to an electron rich, hydrophobic interior. The size
includes host cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin-
of this hydrophobic cavity is a function of the number of
encapsulated forms of many components commonly
glucopyranose units forming the cyclodextrin.
used in tissue and cell culture applications. For product
The solubility of natural cyclodextrins is very poor and
listings, see the REAGENTS section of this catalog.
initially this prevented cyclodextrins from becoming
REFERENCES
effective complexing agents. In the late 1960=s, it wasdiscovered that chemical substitutions at the 2,3, and 6
1. The Source. (1991). Water-Soluble Complexes, Part 1:
hydroxyl sites would greatly increase solubility. The
CyclodextrinsCWhat are they? Vol. 7 No. 3.
degree of chemical substitution, as well as, the nature of
2. The Source. (1992). Water-Soluble Complexes, Part 2:
the groups used for substitution, determine the final
Cyclodextrins and Cell Culture. Vol. 8 No. 1.
maximum concentration of cyclodextrin in an aqueousmedium. Most chemically modified cyclodextrins are ableto achieve a 50% (w/v) concentration in water. CYCLODEXTRINS
"- CYCLODEXTRIN 2 - HYDROXYPROPYL - $ - CYCLODEXTRIN Product Number: C4680 Product Number: C0926
(Schardinger " - Dextrin; Cyclohexaamylose)
Mean degree of substitution: 4 - 10 determined by
$ - CYCLODEXTRIN Product Number: C4805 METHYL - $- CYCLODEXTRIN
(Schardinger $- Dextrin; Cycloheptaamylose)
Product Number: C4555
( - CYCLODEXTRIN Product Number: C4930 (Schardinger (- Dextrin; Cyclooctaamylose) Molecular Formula: C48 H80 O40 Formula Weight: 1297.1 CAS Number: 17465-86-0 Solubility: 50 mg/ml in 1N NaOH
Kohji Murata, MD, Kazuhisa Yatsunami, PhD, Eiichi Fukuda, Satoshi Onodera, PhD, Osamu Mizukami, MD, PhD, Gen Hoshino, MD, Tsutomu Kamei, MD, PhD Kohji Murata, MD, is at the Shimane Institute of Health did not improve when conventional treatments such as sulfony- Science in Izumo, Japan, and in the department of comple- lureas and/or α-glucosidase inhibitors were added to their diet
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE Guideline title The classification and care of women at risk of familial breast cancer in primary, secondary and tertiary care (update), including the management of women and men diagnosed with breast cancer who also have a history of familial breast cancer 1.1 Short title The remit The NCC-C has been com
ProductInformation
CYCLODEXTRINS