120 cap sule s (65 0 mg ) per bottle. Retail price: $29.95
Keep your cells young, healthy, and vital with this dynamic formula of 8 rainforestplants documented with cellular protective actions for the skin, brain, liver, kidneys,gastric tract, heart, and immune system.^ For more com plete information on theseunique rainforest plant ingredients, please see the Raintree Nutrition internet websiteand the on
Ingredients: A proprietary blend of calaguala (Polypodium leucotomos) rhizome, sama mb aia (Polypodium decumanum) leaf and rhizome, chanca piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) whole herb, cat's claw vine bark, fedegoso (Cassia occidentalis) whole herb, picão preto (Bidens pilosa) whole herb, gervâo (Stachytarpheta sp) whole herb, and tayuya (C ayaponia tayuya) ro ot. Suggested Use: Take 1-2 capsules twice daily. Contraindications: None documented. Drug Interactions: None documented. Clinical Documentation and Research: This formulated product has not been the subject of any clinical research. Available third-party documentation and clinical research on each plant ingredient in this formula can be found at the Raintree website. A synopsis and partial listing of published research on these plant ingredients is shown following. The statements below and the research detailed below has not been evaluated by the Fo od and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
A herba l extract of these rare rainforest ferns is m anufactured and sold in E urope (under the name anapsos)as a herbal drug for the treatment of psoriasis, and more recently, for dem entia and A lzheim er’s D isease. A1997 U.S. pate nt and several in vivo clinical studies report that the plants protect against brain celldegenera tion, promotes repair of damaged brain cells in Alzheimer’s and dementia patients, and provides aprotective effect to brain cells in general. In a double-blind placebo human trial researchers reported in 2000that patients with senile dementia improved cognitive performance, increased the blood supply to the brain,and also increased the electrical impulses in the brain. The same cellular protective effects to brain cells seemsto extend to skin cells as well. Another U .S. patent was filed in 19 97 w hich indicated these rainforest ferns areeffective in preventing sunburn and skin damage (taken internally, as w ell a s applie d topically prior toexposure). Its protective effect was reported to be due, in part, to an antioxidant effect, as well as by protectingand increasing the amount of elastin in skin cells. One of the human studies confirming this activity wasperformed at Massachusetts General H ospital's derm atolog y departme nt. Another study (w ith hairless mice),conducted at Harvard m edical school, reporte d that w hen the plant extract w as applied topically it helped toavoid skin damage and sun-associated skin aging, as well as reduced the number of UV-induced skin tumo rsin mice."Álvarez, X. A., et al. “Anapsos improves learning and memory in rats with Beta-Amyloid (1-28) deposits in the hippocampus” inProgress in Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, Ed. Fisher, A., Yoshida, M. and Hannin, I., Plenum Press, New York, pp. 699-703(1998). Álvarez, X. A., et al. “Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study with anapsos in senile dementia: effects on cognition,brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral hemodynamics." Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2000; 22(7): 585–94. Gonzalez, S., et al. “Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, erythema and skinphotosensitization by Polypodium leucotomos.” Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 1996; 12(2): 45–56. Gonzalez, S., et al. “Topical or oral administration with an extract of Polypodium leucotomos prevents acute sunburn and psoralen-induced phototoxic reactions as well as depletion of Langerhans cells in human skin.” Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 1997;13(1–2): 50–60. Alcaraz, M. V., et al. “An extract of Polypodium leucotomos appears to minimize certain photoaging changes in a hairless albino mouse
animal model. A pilot study.” Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 1999; 15(3–4): 120–26. Fernandez-Novoa, L., et al. “Effects of Anapsos on the activity of the enzyme Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase in an animal model ofneuronal degeneration.” Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 1997; 19(2): 99–106. Vasange, M., et al. “The fern Polypodium decumanum, used in the treatment of psoriasis, and its fatty acid constituents as inhibitorsof leukotriene B4 formation.” Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids 1994; 50: 279–284. Vasange, M., et al. “A sulphonoglycolipid from the fern Polypodium decumanum and its effect on the platelet activating factor receptorin human neutrophils.” J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997; 49(5): 562–617. Ferrer, M. Y., et al. “Water-soluble fractions of Phlebodium decumanum and its use as nutritional supplement in AIDS and cancerpatients.” U.S. patent no. 6,228,366; 2001. Quintanilla, A. E., et al. “Pharmaceutical composition of activity in the treatment of cognitive and/or neuroimmune dysfunctions.” U.S. patent no. 5,601,829; 1997. Pathak, et al. “Polypodium extract as photoprotectant.” U.S. patent no 5,614,197 1997
One test tube study and four animal studies documented that extracts of chanca piedra effectively protectedagainst liver damage from introduced chemical liver toxins. Three human clinical studies reported that chancapiedra provided liver protective, liver repair, and liver detoxifying actions in children and adults with hepatitisand jaundice. An animal study documented that chanca piedra almost doubled the life span of mice with livercancer while a different research group tried to induce liver cancer in mice that had been pre-treated with awater extract of chanca piedra. Their results indicated the chanca piedra extract dose-dependently loweredtumor incidence, levels of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, levels of liver cancer markers, and liver injuryma rkers. Both of these studies suggest that the plant has a better ability to prevent cancer rather than a directability to kill cancer ce lls. It may well be that chanca piedra's documented ab ility to stop cells from m utatingplays an im porta nt factor in this reporte d anticancerous activity. In several animal and test tube studies, chancapiedra was shown to stop or inhibit cells from m utating in the presence of chem ical substances known to createcellular mutations and DNA strand breaks (which can lead to the creation of cancerous cells). One of thesestudies also indicated that chanca piedra inhibited several enzyme processes peculiar to cancer cells'replication and growth, rather than a direct toxic effect of killing the cancer cell. This cellular-protective qualitywas evidenced in other research which indicated that chanca piedra prote cted against chemically-ind uced bonema rrow dam age in mice, as w ell a s against radiation-induced dam age in mice. Kumar K. B., et al. “Protective effect of an extract of Phyllanthus amarus against radiation-induced damage in mice.” J. Radiat. Res. 2004 Mar; 45(1):133-9. Raphael, K. R. “Anti-mutagenic activity of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum. & Thonn.) in vitro as well as in vivo.” Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 2002; 22(4): 285–91. Prakash, A., et al. “Comparative hepatoprotective activity of three Phyllanthus species, P. urinaria, P. niruri and P.simplex, on carbontetrachloride induced liver injury in the rat.” Phytother. Res. 1995; 9(8): 594–96. Syamasundar, K. V., et al. “Antihepatotoxic principles of Phyllanthus niruri herbs.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1985; 14(1): 41–4. Sreenivasa, R. Y., “Experimental production of liver damage and its protection with Phyllanthus niruri and Capparis spinosa in whitealbino rats.” Probe 1985; 24(2): 117–19. Sripanidkulchai, B., et al. “Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of Phyllanthus amarus.” Phytomedicine 2002; 9(1): 26–32. Rajeshkumar, N. V. “Antitumour and anticarcinogenic activity of Phyllanthus amarus extract.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 81(1): 17–22. Dhir, H., et al. “Protection afforded by aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus species against cytotoxicity induced by lead and aluminiumsalts.” Phytother. Res. 1990; 4(5): 172–76.
This amazing rainforest vine has becom e quite popular in the U .S. for it’s pa tented ability to boost im munefunction. In addition to its immunostimulant benefits, researchers have re ported that cat's claw can aid in DNAcellular repa ir and prevent cells from m utating; it also can help prevent the loss of white blood cells and im munecell damage ca used by many toxins and drugs. S om e of the newer research indicates that cat's claw mightbe helpful to people with Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid plaque normally found in the brains ofAlzheimer’s patients. Another research group recently reported that cat's claw's immune-stimulating alkaloids,ptero podine and isopteropodine, might have other properties and applications. They reported that these twochemicals have shown to have a positive modulating effect on brain neurotransmitters called 5-HT(2)receptors. These receptor sites are targets for drugs used in treating a vari ety of conditions, includingdepression, anxiety, eating disorde rs, chronic pain conditions, and obesity. Lemaire, I., et al. “Stimulation of interleukin-1 and -6 production in alveolar macrophages by the neotropical liana, Uncaria tomentosa(uña de gato).” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 64(2): 109–15. Sheng, Y., et al., “DNA repair enhancement of aqueous extracts of Uncaria tomentosa in a human volunteer study.” Phytomedicine2001; 8(4): 275–82.
Sheng, Y., et al., “Enhanced DNA repair, immune function and reduced toxicity of C-Med-100, a novel aqueous extract from Uncariatomentosa.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 69(2): 115–26. Rizzi, R., et al. “Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of Uncaria tomentosa and its extracts.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1993; 38: 63–77. Rizzi, R., et al. “Bacterial cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of Uncaria tomentosa and its extracts. Antimutagenic activityof Uncaria tomentosa in humans.” Premiere Colloque Européan d'Ethnopharmacologie, Metz, France, March 22–24, 1990. Castillo, G., et al. “Pharmaceutical compositions containing Uncaria tomentosa extract for treating Alzheimer’s disease and otheramyloidoses.” Patent-Pct. Int. Paol. 1998; 00 33,659: 67pp. Mohamed, A. F., et al. “ Effects of Uncaria tomentosa total alkaloid and its components on experimental amnesia in mice: elucidationusing the passive avoidance test.” J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2001; 52(12): 1553–61.
Fedegoso has been the subject of recent clinical research for its beneficial effects on the liver and immunesystem. Two research groups published three studies citing the beneficial effects of fedegoso in humanpati ents with liver toxicity, hepatitis, and even acute liver failure. Other researchers published four differentanimal studies indicating that fedegoso had the ability to protect the liver from various introduced chemicaltoxins, normalize liver enzymes and processes, and repair liver damage. Some of this research has alsoreported significant immunostimulant activity by increasing humoral immunity and bone marrow im mune cellsin mice, and pro tecting them from chem ically-induced im munosuppression. These researchers and others alsoreported the cellular protective actions of fedegoso. In this research, fedegoso was a ble to prevent or reducethe mutation of healthy cells in the presence of laboratory chemicals which were known to mutate them. Sharma, N., et al. “Protective effect of Cassia occidentalis extract on chemical-induced chromosomal aberrations in mice.” Drug Chem. Toxicol. 1999; 22(4): 643–53. Saraf, S., et al. “Antiheptatotoxic activity of Cassia occidentalis.” Int. J. Pharmacog. 1994; 32(2): 178–83. Jafri, M. A., et al. “Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Cassia occidentalis against paracetamol and ethyl alcohol intoxication in rats.”J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 66(3): 355–61. Bin-Hafeez, B., et al. “Protective effect of Cassia occidentalis L. on cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of humoral immunity inmice.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 75(1): 13–18. Sharma, N., et al. “In vitro inhibition of carcinogen-induced mutagenicity by Cassia occidentalis and Emblica officinalis.” Drug Chem. Toxicol. 2000; 23(3): 477–84.
This rainforest plant has been docum ented with antioxidant and cellular prote ctive actions. A research groupin Taiwan repo rted that a picão preto extract was capable of prote cting the liver of rats from various introducedtoxins known to cause liver injury. This research group had previously demonstrated picão preto's anti-inflammatory actions in anima ls a year earlier. A B razilian research group confirmed the anti-inflam matoryactivities in mice and attributed them to an imm une modulation effect (noting the extract reduced the amo untof pro-inflamm atory immune cells in human blood in a previous study). In addition, other researchdemonstrated that a picão preto extract inhibited prostaglandin-synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX) activities. Both are chemical processes in the body which are linked to inflammatory diseases. Picão preto was alsodocumented to pre vent hyperte nsion in rats fed a high-fructose diet, and to lower the resulting (elevated) bloodpressure and triglyceride levels. In hypertensive rats (including high dietary salt-induced hypertension), extractsof the plant significantly lowered blood pressure—without having an effect on heart rate and urine volume. Abajo. C. “In vitro study of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of aqueous infusion of Bidens pilosa.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Aug; 93(2-3): 319-23. Wu, L. W., et al. “Polyacetylenes function as anti-angiogenic agents.” Pharm. Res. 2004 Nov;21(11):2112-9. Dimo, T., et al. “Leaf methanol extract of Bidens pilosa prevents and attenuates the hypertension induced by high-fructose diet inWister rats.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 83(3): 183–91. Usami E, et al. “Assessment of antioxidant activity of natural compound by water- and lipid-soluble antioxidant factor.” YakugakuZasshi. 2004 Nov;124(11):847-50. Chiang, Y. M., et al. “Metabolite profiling and chemopreventive bioactivity of plant extracts from Bidens pilosa.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):409-19. Chin, H. W., et al. “The hepatoprotective effects of Taiwan folk medicine ‘ham-hong-chho’ [Bidens pilosa] in rats.” Am. J. Chin. Med. 1996; 24(3–4): 231–40.
This tropical herb contains a plant chemical called verbascoside. In laborato ry studies, this po werful antio xidanthas been documented with brain cell protective, antiviral, antibacterial, liver protective, heart protective, andantitum orous effects. A flavonoid in gervâo called scutellarein has been docum ented with heart protective, anti-inflammatory and antiviral actions. Another flavonoid found in gervâo called hispidulin been reported to have
liver detoxifing actions and helps to normalize sticky bloo d. Tes ting the plant extract, researchers reported itdemonstrated antacid and antiulcerous effects in mice stating it had a protective effect to the gastric tract byincreasing intestinal motility, protecting against ulcers from various chemical agents, and inhibiting gastricsecretion. Alvarez, E., et al. “Inhibitory effects of leaf extracts of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae) on the respiratory burst of ratmacrophages. Phytother. Res. 2004; 18(6): 457-62. Sheng, G. Q., et al. “Protective effect of verbascoside on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2002; 451(2): 119–24. Ferrandiz, M. L., et al. “Hispidulin protection against hepatotoxicity induced by bromobenzene in mice.” Life Sci. 1994; 55(8): PL145–50. Schapoval, E. E., et al. “Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of extracts and isolated compounds from Stachytarphetacayennensis.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60(1): 53–9. Zhou, J., et al. “Ventricular remodeling by Scutellarein treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats.” Chin Med. J. (Engl.). 2002;115(3): 375–77.
Novel antioxidant chemicals have been discovered in tayuya and named cayaponosides (24 distinctcayaponosides have been discovered thus far). These phytochemicals have been documented to haveantioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and, more recently, to have anticancerous potential. The National Cancer Center Research Institute in Tokyo, Japan reported that five cayaponosides in tayuya exhibited significant anti-tumor-promoter activity in screening tests. Another cucurbitacin found in tayuya,cucurbitacin R, has been studied extensive ly in R ussia . There it is cited as a powerful adaptogen,preventing stress-induced alterations in the body. Other flavone phytochemicals in tayuya have beenrepo rted a ct as potent scavengers of free ra dicals, providing an antioxidant effect as well as prote ctingagainst da ma ge induced by gam ma -radiatio n. Panosian, A., et al. “On the mechanism of action of plant adaptogens with particular reference to cucurbitacin R diglucoside.”Phytomedicine 1999; 6(3): 147Q–55. Vrinda, B., et al. “Radiation protection of human lymphocyte chromosomes in vitro by orientin and vicenin.” Mutat. Res. 2001; 498(1–2): 39–46. Ruppelt, B. M., et al. “Pharmacological screening of plants recommended by folk medicine as anti-snake venom—I. Analgesic andanti-inflammatory activities.” Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1991; 86 (Suppl. 2): 203–5. Rios, J. L., et al. “A study of the anti-inflammatory activity of Cayaponia tayuya root.” Fitoterapia 1990; 61(3): 275–78. Huguet, A. I., et al. “Superoxide scavenging properties of flavonoids in a non-enzymic system.” Z. Natur. Forsch. 1990; 45(1–2):19–24.
This high quality herbal formula is sold through health practitioners and retail stores. P lease conta ct a healthprofessional concerning other observations and/or effects of this product and/or if you have any disease, condition,or illness for wh ich you are s eeking treatment or prod ucts for. Ma nufactured By: Raintree Nutrition, Inc. 3579 Hwy 50 East, Suite 222 Carson City, NV 89701 (800) 780-5902 (775) 841-4142
^ The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
This product is not intended to treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Original Research Paper Validity of the Multidimensional Ethics Scale for a Sample of Thai Physicians D.C. Malloy1 ,2, P. R. Sevigny 3, T. Hadjistavropoulos 2, 3, Paholpak, S.4, Abstract Research in ethical decision-making has received considerable attention in the realm of the business community in the last three decades due in part to numerous high profile scandals