Microsoft powerpoint - transplantmeds.ppt

University of MN Medical Center, Fairview – I. Describe prescription drug interactions with common immunosuppressants, cholesterol-lowering agents, steroids, antivirals and Bactrim.
medication interactions and which OTCs to avoid – III. Describe herbal medications that may be harmful and what interactions have been described in the literature. • Immunosuppressants
Steroids
Cholesterol-lowering agents-Statins
Antivirals- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and
Antibiotics-Pneumocystis carinii
• Prescription Drugs Which INCREASE CsA • Calcium Channel Blockers: diltiazem, nicardipine,
Antifungals: fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole,
Antibacterials: macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin,
Glucocorticoids: methylprednisolone
Other: birth control pills, glipizide, amiodarone, allopurinol,
bromocriptine, colchicine, metoclopramide, propafenone, tacrolimus, sirolimus – Prescription Drugs Which DECREASE CsA • Antibacterials: rifampin, nafcillin, IV Bactrim
Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenobarbital,
Antiplatelets: ticlopidine
Other: octreotide, orlistat
– Prescription Drugs that INCREASE FK levels: • Calcium Channel Blockers: diltiazem,
Anitfungals: clotrimazole, fluconazole,
Antimicrobials: (macrolides) erythromycin,
Prokinetic Agents: metoclopramide, cisapride
Other: bromocriptine, cimetidine, CsA, ethinyl -
estradiol, methylprednisolone, omeprazole, nefazodone, danazol • Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenobarbital, – Be aware that use of the following agents WITH tacrolimus can worsen/induce kidney dysfunction: gentamicin, tobramycin, amphotericin B, cisplatin and cyclosporine.
– Prescription Drugs That INCREASE Rapa
Calcium Channel Blockers: Diltiazem,
Antifungals: ketoconazole, fluconazole,
Antimicrobials: rifampin, clarithromycin,
Other: cisapride, metoclopramide, bromocriptine,
– Prescription Drugs That DECREASE Rapa
Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenobarbital,
Antibiotics: rifabutin
– Sirolimus levels increase by 80% when taken – Sirolimus levels increase by 230% when given at the SAME time as cyclosporine capsules – Sirolimus levels increase by 67-86% when given at the SAME time as cyclosporine oral solution • Cholestyramine, Antacids with aluminum and Prescription medications which INCREASE
Azathioprine: Allopurinol
Other: Azathioprine can cause your INR to
go DOWN if you are on warfarin. You may need higher doses of warfarin.
– *Azathioprine is a potent bone marrow suppressant, any drug with the potential to suppress bone marrow activity such as Bactrim, ganciclovir, cyclophosphamide, MTX may worsen this.
– HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins): itraconazole, ketoconazole, CYCLOSPORINE, erythromycin, gemfibrozil, niacin, warfarin – Statin levels DECREASED by antacids, bile Prescription medications that REDUCE
steroid concentrations: phenytoin,
phenobarbital and rifampin
Prescription medications that
INCREASE steroid concentrations:
birth control pills, cyclosporine,
ketoconazole
ganciclovir/valganciclovir can worsen kidney toxicity • Prescription medications which
INCREASE ganciclovir/valganciclovir
levels
: Mycophenolate
• Bactrim is an antibacterial which tends to affect • Prescription medications whose levels are INCREASED when given with Bactrim: Digoxin, phenytoin, glipizide, glyburide, metformin, methotrexate, procainamide, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, warfarin • Prescription medications whose levels are • *Bactrim given with ACE inhibitors can cause or worsen hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) – Non-Steroidal AntiInflammatories (NSAIDS): • Used long term, this class of medications has the potential to affect platelet function, reduce kidney function and cause stomach bleeding. This class of medications is NOT to be used with warfarin Allergies
– diphenhydramine (Benedryl®), clemastine (Tavist), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®), loratidine (Claritin®) • Antihistamines are completely safe and have very few drug interactions. Be aware that allergy products which contain pseudoephedrine should be avoided. Many of them end in the letter “D”such as Tavist-D. The “D” stands for decongestant which usually means pseudoephedrine.
Cough/Cold/Congestion
• Be advised that almost ALL cold/flu preparations and any OTC product that has the word “Sinus” in its name most likely contains the decongestant, pseudoephedrine (Pseudofed®). • Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic which can cause your heart rate to increase and your blood pressure to go up.
• When you have a cold, avoid “cold” preparations with pseudoephedrine and instead use nasal sprays like Afrin® and pain relievers such as Tylenol®.
Upset stomach, heartburn
– Antacids (Maalox, Tums) are safe to use EXCEPT when taking them with MMF or CsA.
Separate immunosuppressants and antacids by
at least 2 hours.
– Zantac®, Pepcid® and Axid® are all safe to use but please avoid Tagamet as this drug
interacts with many medications especially
warfarin.
– Use antacids, Zantac, Pepcid, Axid, Prevacid/ Prilosec with CAUTION if you are taking itraconazole. Itraconazole is absorbed in your stomach ONLY if your stomach is very acidic.
Diarrhea
• Be very cautious about using OTC antidiarrheal medications when you are experiencing diarrhea. Diarrhea in an immunosuppressed patient can be caused by numerous infectious agents and should be treated promptly by a physician. This is especially true if the diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting, a fever, severe dehydration and significant weight loss.
• Diarrhea caused by antibiotic usage can be reduced by eating yogurt or taking acidophilus preparations.
Diet Aids/Caffeine
– Please avoid ALL diet aid products that pharmacies sell over the counter. These all contain stimulants which will cause your heart rate and blood pressure to soar! – Caffeine ingestion can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure as well. Caffeine is also found in many migraine medications including Excedrin®.
• Herbs, enzymes, glandulars, amino acids, etc are • Supplements may give truthful info on effects on body or function, but must make disclaimer that FDA hasn’t evaluated the claim and is not intended for prevention, cure or treatment of disease • Purity, accuracy of labeling unregulated Androstenedione (synthetic androgen)
Chapparal (used to stop the aging process): liver
Comfrey (used as an antiinflammatory): liver tox
DHEA (synthetic androgen)
Digitalis
Dong Quai (used for menstrual flow): may be
Ma Huang (used for energy):increases heart rate,
BP, has been known to cause heart attacks/stroke Germander, Kava kava, Licorice Extracts, Life
Root: can cause liver toxicity
Mistletoe: liver toxicity
White Willow (herbal source of aspirin)
Yohimbe (used for impotence): can increase heart
Echinacae and Astralgalus should be avoided due
to their potential to stimulate the immune system – Guarana, Kola nut: sources of caffeine
Co-Enzyme Q-may decrease INR while on
Chamomile-may increase INR if on warfarin
Feverfew-has antiplatelet activity, avoid with
Garlic- has antiplatelet activity, avoid with warfarin
Gingko- has antiplatelet activity, avoid with
Glucosamine/Chondroitin
Grapeseed Extract
Milk Thistle
Peppermint Oil
Pygeum
Saw Palmetto
Slippery Elm
St. John’s Wort-AVOID taking if you are on other
antidepressants. AVOID if you are taking CYCLOSPORINE. St. John’s Wort causes CsAlevels to DROP substantially! Lowers Dig levels • Valarian-avoid other agents which aid sleep
Insufficient
Alpha-lipoic Acid
American Centaury
Avena Sativa Extract
Barley Grass
Bee pollen: avoid if allergic to bees
Bee propolis
Beet Powder
Betaine
Bilberry
Black cohosh
Black radish
Blueberry
Blue Green Algae
Bromelain
Cats Claw
Cayenne Pepper: Avoid in pregnancy, can
Chaste Berry: Avoid in pregnancy/lactation
Choline
Creatine: do not use if on protein restriction
Dandelion: avoid if gallbladder obstructed
Evening Primrose: may interact with warfarin
Eyebright
Fennel Seed
Fenugreek- may increase INR if on warfarin
Goldenseal: Avoid in pregnancy/lactation
Ginseng: may increase INR while on warfarin,
avoid if you are on MAOIs, avoid in preg/lactation, avoid in psychotic and bipolar disorders • Green tea: avoid if on warfarin! This tea contains
Hawthorn: avoid if on ACE-inhibitors/digoxin
Ho-shou-wu tea
Inositol
Lutein
Lycopene
Melatonin
Mexican wild yam: avoid in pregnancy/lactation
Nettle root
Oyster extract
PABA: may interact with sulfa antibiotics
Parsley (volatile oil should be avoided in
Passion Flower
Pumpkin Seed
Quercitin
Rutin
Schisandra/Schizandra
Shark cartilage: avoid in pregnancy
Siberian ginseng
Soy extracts
Tumeric
Wheat Grass, Wood betony
– Be advised that the following medications can NOT be taken safely if you are consuming grapefruit juice: • Calcium Channel Blockers: felodipine,
Immunosuppressants: Cyclosporine-causes
levels to go UP by 67%!, tacrolimus-causes levels to double! • Statins: Lovastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin,
simvastatin-all are increased by grapefruit juice Seizure/Psych Meds: Buspirone, carbamazepine,
Others: Cisapride, methadone, sildenafil

Source: http://www.hopechestnews.org/files/transplantmeds.pdf

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