Microsoft powerpoint - istvan hernadi wg3&w4-meeting vienna 2011.10.28 [kompatibilitetsmodus]

Classification of existing co-effects and factors University of Pecs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Experimental Neurobiology and Zoology COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Environmental factors:
…ecological factor or ecofactor is any factor, abiotic or
biotic, that influences living organisms (Wiki).
Combined effects:
wide meaning of additivity of effects caused by two or more agents.
Cooperative effects/Synergy:
…synergy may be defined as two or more things (agents)
functioning together to produce a result not independently
obtainable (Wiki).
…the interaction of elements that when combined produce
a total effect that is greater than the sum of the individual
elements, contributions, etc. (dictionary.com)
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Search Terms
Web of Knowledge (WOK), PubMed, EMF portal, co-exposure, chemical agent, combined effects, Number of hits dealing with EMF/RF & one of
co-terms (closed on 01.06.2011)
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
 Most of the studies address genotoxicity (74%) and half use invitro (60%) approach.
Combined effects are reported in 70 % of the studies.
No human (in vivo) studies exist on synergistic/combinedeffects btw. EMFs and chemicals/other types of exposure.
 Repetition studies (in animals) should be conducted wherepositive findings have been reported.
Human provocation studies, should be conducted, if possible,after relevant issues are identified.
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Main human-relevant in vitro co-exp. results Endpoint: cellular excitability – (Ca2+ - influx?)
Microwave influences caffeine action on the isolated frog
heart (+)
Pakhomov AG, Dubovick BV, Degtyariov IG, Pronkevich AN. Bioelectromagnetics.16:250-4, 1995
Caffeine (1 mM) strongly increased heart power (rate + amplitude)915 MHz burst type EMF exposure augmented the effects of caffeine Q: is there a relevance for CNS function?
See also:
Apoptotic effect of ethanol is potentiated by caffeine-induced calcium release in rat
astrocytes (no EMF effect tested)
Hirata H, Machado LS, Okuno CS, Brasolin A, Lopes GS, Smaili SS. Neurosci Lett. 393:136-40, 2006
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Main human-relevant in vivo co-exp. Results Endpoint: monoaminergic neurotransmitter (in)balance
Amphetamine induced locomotor activity of rats (+)
Thomas JR, Maitland G, Radio Science, 1979, 14: 253-258.
 dextroamphetamine dose depencently induces early locomotion in a temporal reinforcement (DRL) schedule  combined, synergistic effects are seen with 2.45-GHz pulsed EMF, 1 mW cm−2 (2 μS pulses; 500 pulses s−1).
Amphetamine induced locomotor activity of rats (+)
Pesić V, Janać B, Jelenković A, Vorobyov V, Prolić Z. Behav Brain Res. 2004 Apr 2;150(1-2):223-7.
Amphetamine induced psychomotor activityELF-MF exposure (60 Hz, 6 mT, 15 min) combined effects with middle doses of AMPHEffect of EMF is based on the extent of neurotransmitter inbalance COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Main human-relevant in vivo co-exp. Results Endpoint: blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability
Microwave facilitation of domperidone antagonism of
apomorphine-induced stereotypic climbing in mice (+)
R. M. Quock, F. J. Kouchich, T. K. Ishii, D. G. Lange, Bioelectromagnetics 8, 45–55, 1987.
Apomorphine (DA aginist) causes stereotypic climbing behavior the behavior is antagonized by central DA antagonist haloperidol, but not by EMF (2.45 GHz, 20 mW/cm2, CW, 10 min), or domperidone (DA agonist that poorly penetrates BBB).
Systemic but not central domperidone-induced effects are increased by EMF pretreatment. Mechanism: BBB opening by EMF treatment? COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Human (provocation type) co-exposure study Endpoint: adverse cognitive effects of ELF MF
co-exposed with enviromnental noise
Effects of an ELF electromagnetic field (EMF)
on concentration in visual attention, perception and memory
including effects of EMF sensitivity (+)
Trimmel M., Schweiger E., Toxicology Letters, 96,97, 377–382, 1998
ELF MF (50 Hz, 1mT) + noise reduced attention, perception and memory rates compared with either no noise or noise exposed control groups.
 high difference in EMF senstivie subpopulation (no difference in non-sensitive control subgroup)  Results indicate immediate reduction of cognitive performance when exposed to a 50 Hz EMF of 1 mT.  These effects seemed to be modulated by the self-perception of sensitivity to EMF.
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Interaction and/or synergistic effects of EMFs may exist withgenetic/biochemical/physiologal measures in animals (11 of 13in vivo studies yielded positive results).
 Repetition of initial experiments is availale only on two targets(AMPH/psychomotor effects).
synergistic/combined effects btw. EMFs and chemicals. Onestudy exists with background noise as co-exposure.
 Future research (repetition studies) should be conductedwhere positive findings have been reported.
Human provocation studies, should be conducted afteridentifying human relevant co-factors (caffeine, nicotine,psychoactive agents).
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
Trunk A, Stefanics G, Thuroczy G, Hernadi I, et al.
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
A novel experimental protocol has been established to test possible synergism between EMFs and (human-relevant)neuroactive chemical agents (stimulants).
 Methodology has been established for the analysis of ongoing electrophysiological activity (on a trial-by-trial basis).
 The sudy entered data collection phase.
Identification of other relevant chemical agents would be essential to be able to generalize results (regardless ifpositive /or negative…) COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.
COST Action BM7040 WG 3 (in collaboration with WG4), Vienna, 28 Oct, 2011.

Source: http://www.cost-action-bm0704.org/doc/Hernadi_-_combined_effects.pdf