Microsoft word - toolkit_d_apr11.doc

Section D
Glossary of Terms
Includes diabetes drugs and insulins by generic and brand names. Underlined words are definedelsewhere in the glossary. The definitions have been simplified for less clinically trained readers.
A1c (A-one-C)A test that measures a person's average blood sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months; also calledhemoglobin A1c or glycosylated hemoglobin.
Acarbose (AK-er-bose)An oral medicine known as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brandname: Precose .
Actoplus met (AK-toe-plus met)A combination of two oral medicines, pioglitazone and metformin, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
ADAAmerican Diabetes Association (http://www.diabetes.org).
Adult onset diabetesA former term for type 2 diabetes, as it is now called.
Alzheimer’s diseaseA disease of the brain where the nerves degenerate and cells die in large numbers, resulting inprogressive cognitive impairment. People with diabetes are at increased risk of developingAlzheimer’s disease.
AMDAAmerican Medical Directors Association (http://www.amda.com/).
Amputation (AM-pyoo-TAY-shuhn)Surgical removal of a limb or body part to remove diseased tissue or relieve pain.
Amylin (AM-ah-lin)A hormone secreted by the pancreas that works with insulin to lower blood sugars. Amylinmimetics are a class of drugs that act like or mimic amylin to treat both type 1 diabetes and type2 diabetes. Brand names: Symlin (pramlintide).
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Anorexia (an-or-EX-ee-a)An eating disorder marked by fear of eating or inability to eat, resulting in weight loss, musclewasting and eventually, death.
Aspart (AZ-part)A quick acting insulin. Brand name: Novolog. Avandia (ah-VAN-dee-yah)See rosiglitazone Avandamet (ah-VAN-dah-met)A combination of two oral medicines, rosiglitazone and metformin, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Avandaryl (ah-VAN-dah-ril)A combination of two oral medicines, rosiglitazone and glimepiride, used to treat type 2diabetes.
Blood glucose testA check blood sugar levels using a small, portable machine (glucose meter). After pricking theskin with a lancet, a drop of blood is placed on a test strip in the machine. The meter thendisplays the blood sugar level as a number in mg/dL, which is the milligrams (mg) of glucose perdeciliter (dL) of blood.
Blood sugar monitoringChecking the blood sugar level on a regular basis in order to manage diabetes. This involvesusing a blood glucose meter with a test strip that holds a drop of blood.
Blood sugar / blood glucoseGlucose, a simple sugar, enters the blood after digesting carbohydrates and is the main source ofenergy for the body.
Blood pressureThe force of blood exerted on the inside walls of blood vessels. Blood pressure is expressed as aratio (example: 120/80, read as "120 over 80"). People with diabetes and high blood pressureputs them at higher risk for microvascular disease, kidney disease, heart disease, stroke and othercomplications.
Bunion (BUN-yun)An enlargement of the joint (a lump of bone) at the base and side of the big toe, which formswhen the big toe moves toward the smaller toes due to genetics or poor fitting shoes.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Callus (Kal-les)An area of skin, often found on the heel or ball of the foot, that has become thick and hard fromrubbing or pressure (also see Corn).
Carbohydrate (kar-boh-HY-drate)One of the three main nutrients in food. A carbohydrate provides the body with the sugars(especially glucose) it needs for energy. Foods that provide carbohydrate are starches,vegetables, fruits, dairy products and sugar.
Cardiovascular (KAR-dee-oh-VASK-yoo-ler) diseaseDamage to the heart or blood vessels in the body (arteries, veins, and capillaries). Vessels canbecome clogged with fatty deposits (cholesterol). This can restrict blood flow to the heart(causing chest pain or a heart attack), to the brain (see cerebrovascular disease or stroke) or to thelimbs (see peripheral vascular disease).
Cataract (KA-ter-act)A clouding of the lens of the eye.
Charcot's (shar-KOHZ) footA condition in which the bones, joints and soft tissue in the foot are destroyed due to nervedamage (neuropathy). Charcot’s foot can cause loss of feeling, swelling and infection and canlead to amputation. The foot becomes misshapen and can bow at the arch (called “rocker foot”).
The foot may feel warm, have redness or swelling or have bones sticking out, but is often numb.
Cholesterol (koh-LES-ter-all)A type of fat produced by the liver and found in the blood. It is also found in some foods. Thebody needs cholesterol to make hormones such as insulin. However, too much of the “bad” formof cholesterol in the blood can clog blood vessels and cause heart disease. The two forms ofcholesterol are the high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the “good” form of cholesterol, and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the “bad” form of cholesterol. People with diabetes and highcholesterol puts them at higher risk for heart disease and stroke.
Claw toeA foot deformity where the toe muscles contract to pull the middle bone downward, causing thejoint to stick up where it can rub against the shoe; similar to hammer-toe.
Cognition (kog·NI·shun)The ability to think coherently, remember recent and long-past events, organize thoughts,manage daily self-care activities and make decisions.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Cognitive impairmentProblems with a person’s ability to remember, think coherently, organize daily self-careactivities and make decisions; often accompanied by defensiveness, agitation, frustration andemotional outbursts.
Complications of diabetesOther chronic or life-threatening conditions caused by long-term uncontrolled high blood sugarand/or high blood pressure. Common diabetic complications include heart disease, stroke, kidneydisease, nerve damage, eye disease, foot problems, skin ulcers and depression.
Decubitus ulcerAn area of skin that breaks down when constant pressure is placed against the skin, also knownas a pressure ulcer. People with diabetes are more prone to develop skin ulcers, have reducedability to heal, and are at higher risk for infections in the ulcerated area.
DementiaThe loss of thinking, memory, and reasoning skills to such an extent that it seriously affects aperson’s ability to carry out daily activities. Not a disease itself but a group of symptoms causedby certain diseases or conditions such as Alzheimer’s or vascular dementia (stroke).
DepressionFeeling down, sad or hopeless most of the day for two weeks or more. One in three people withdiabetes will experience symptoms of depression.
Detemir (DET-eh-meer)A long acting (basal) insulin. Brand name: Levemir. Diabetes mellitus (dy-ah-BEE-teez or -tis MELL-ih-tus)A condition characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) resulting from the body'sinability to use glucose, a sugar, for energy. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas no longer makesinsulin and therefore blood sugars cannot enter the cells to be used for energy. In type 2 diabetes,either the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body is unable to use insulin correctly.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (KEY-toe-ass-ih-DOH-sis) (DKA)An emergency condition in which extremely high blood sugar levels, along with a severe lack ofinsulin, result in the breakdown of body fat for energy and an accumulation of ketones in theblood and urine. Signs of DKA are nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, fruity breath odor andrapid breathing. Can lead to a coma and death if untreated.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Diabetic retinopathy (REH-tih-NOP-uh-thee)See eye disease Duetact (Doo-ET-act)A combination of two oral medicines, pioglitazone and glimepiride, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Dysphagia (dis-FAY-jee-yuh)Having problems swallowing food or liquid.
Edema (eh-DEE-ma)Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues.
Exenatide (eks-EN-ah-tide)A injectable class of drugs for type 2 diabetes that act like or mimic incretin hormones, whichhelp control blood sugar. Brand name: Byetta. Eye disease (Retinopathy)Damage to the small blood vessels in the retina of the eye that can lead to vision loss orblindness if not treated. People with diabetes are at higher risk for eye disease.
Flat footA condition that occurs when the arch or instep collapses and the bottom of the foot becomesflat.
Foot problemsCaused by nerve damage in the feet or poor blood flow (peripheral vascular disease). Can resultin continuous pain or loss of feeling (neuropathy) or non-healing sores (ulcers). Untreated, canlead to amputation. People with diabetes are at high risk for foot problems.
Gangrene (GANG-green)Skin and tissue that has died due to infection or injury. May be life-threatening if not removed.
Untreated foot ulcers can become infected, leading to gangrene and possibly amputation.
Gastroparesis (GAH-stroh-puh-REE-sis)A disorder where the stomach takes too long to empty its contents due to nerve damage.
Symptoms include heartburn, nausea, vomiting, early feeling of fullness when eating, bloating,stomach pain, erratic blood sugar levels or lack of appetite.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D GingivitisInflammation of the gums than can result in periodontal disease if untreated. People withuncontrolled diabetes are at greater risk for gingivitis.
Glargine (GLAR-jeen)A very long acting insulin. Brand Name: Lantus. Glaucoma (glaw-KOH-muh)An increase in fluid pressure inside the eye that may lead to vision loss or blindness. People withdiabetes are at higher risk for eye diseases such as glaucoma.
Glipizide (GLEH-pih-zide)An oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand names: Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL/ER. Glimepiride (gly-MEH-per-ide)An oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name: Amaryl. Glucagon (GLOO-kah-gahn)A hormone produced in the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels. An injectable form ofglucagon can be used to treat severe low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Glucophage (GLOO-coe-fahj) / Glucophage XR (extended release)See metformin Glucose (GLOO-kose)A simple sugar from carbohydrates in food that is the main source of energy for the body.
Glucotrol / Glucotrol XL/ER (GLOO-ko-trol)See glipizide Glucovance (GLOO-ko-vance)A combination of two oral medicines, glyburide and metformin, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Glulisine (gloo-LI-seen)A quick acting insulin. Brand name: Apidra. Glyburide (GLY-buh-ride)An oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand names: Diabeta, Glynase, Micronase. Glycosuria (gly-koh-SOOR-ee-ah)The presence of sugar (glucose) in the urine, which normally should not be there.
Glycosylated (gly-KOH-sih-lay-ted) hemoglobin (hee-ma-GLOH-bin)A molecule in red blood cells that attaches to glucose (blood sugar); which is measured by theA1c test.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Hammer-toeA foot deformity where the toe muscles contract, causing the outer two joints to bend downwardand the toe to curl. The joints stick up where it can rub against the shoe; similar to claw toe.
Heart attackAn acute, life-threatening condition that occurs when the supply of blood and oxygen is cut offto an area of heart, damaging the heart muscle.
Heart diseaseNarrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. If the blood supply is cut off, theresult is a heart attack.
Hemoglobin A1c (hee-ma-GLOH-bin A-one-C)see A1c HHNSSee Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome High blood sugar (Hyperglycemia)High blood sugar (glucose) occurs when a person's blood sugar is higher than normal and thediabetes treatment is not working. Signs include dehydration, increased urination, incontinence,more frequent infections, vision problems and discomfort. Long-term high blood sugars can causecomplications of diabetes, such as heart disease, blindness, lower limb infections requiringamputation, kidney disease and stroke. Extremely high blood sugar can be life threatening,causing insulin septicemia, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome or diabeticketoacidosis.
Hormone (HOR-mone)A powerful chemical messenger in the blood that helps provide energy and nutrition to the body.
Humulin (hu-mew-LIN)Brand name for Regular or NPH insulin.
Hyperglycemia (HY-per-gly-SEE-mee-uh)See High blood sugar Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Hyperosmolar (hi-per-oz-MOE-lar) hyperglycemic (hy-po-gly-SEE-mik) nonketotic (non-kee-TAH-tik) syndrome (HHNS)An emergency condition in which a person's blood sugar level is very high, but where ketonesare not present in the blood or urine; can lead to coma or death if untreated.
Hypertension (HY-per-TEN-shun)High blood pressure.
Hypoglycemia (hy-po-gly-SEE-mee-uh)See Low blood sugar Hypoglycemia unawarenessThe inability to recognize the early symptoms of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Morecommon in people who have had diabetes for a long time.
IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)Former term for type 1 diabetes, as it is now called.
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)A condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal after fasting, but are not highenough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes; also known as prediabetes.
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)A condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal but are not high enough for adiagnosis of type 2 diabetes; also known as prediabetes.
Incretins (IN-krah-tin mim-ET-iks)Hormones in the gut that signal the pancreas to make more insulin after eating. Incretin mimeticsare a class of drugs that act like or mimic incretins to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand names: Byetta(exanatide).
InfluenzaA vaccine-preventable respiratory infection caused by a number of viruses. The flu can beserious or even deadly for elderly people, especially those with diabetes or other chronicillnesses.
Insulin (IN-se-lin)A hormone secreted by the pancreas that converts glucose, starches and other food into theenergy needed for daily life.
Insulin (IN-se-lin) reactionA condition that occurs when a person's blood sugar is lower than normal and is too low toprovide enough energy for your body's activities; also known as hypoglycemia.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Insulin (IN-se-lin) resistanceA condition caused by the body's inability to respond to and use the insulin it produces. Insulinresistance increases the chances of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease; also known asprediabetes.
Janumet (JAN-you-met)A combination of two oral medicines, sitagliptin and metformin, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Juvenile DiabetesFormer term for type 1 diabetes, as it is now called.
Ketoacidosis (key-toe-ass-ah-DOE-sis)An emergency condition that can lead to diabetic coma or death. Ketocidosis that meansdangerously high levels of ketones are in the blood. This can occur when there isn’t enoughinsulin in the blood, not enough food has been eaten, or the person is experiencing low bloodsugar (hypoglycemia). Ketoacidosis is most common in people with type 1 diabetes. However,people with type 2 diabetes, especially older persons, can experience similar symptoms with acondition called hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS).
Ketones (KEY-tones)A poisonous chemical (sometimes referred to as ketone bodies) produced when there is notenough insulin in the blood and the body must burn body fat for energy. High levels of ketonesin the blood can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, coma or death.
Kidney (renal) failure or kidney diseaseA condition, also know as nephropathy, in which the kidneys no longer work properly, causingharmful wastes build up in the body. Early signs of kidney failure include swelling (edema), risein blood pressure, protein in the urine (proteinurea), frequent or painful urination, anemia andlethargy. Symptoms of advanced kidney failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD) includevomiting, poor appetite, hiccups, swelling, trouble breathing or sleeping, abnormal bleeding,weight loss and night-time cramps. Advanced kidney failure is treated by kidney dialysis orkidney transplantation. People with diabetes are at very high risk for kidney (renal) disease. Kombiglyze (KOM-be-glyze) XRA combination of two oral medicines, saxigliptin and metformin, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Lancet (LAN-set)A spring-loaded device with a small needle used to prick the skin to obtain a drop of blood forblood sugar monitoring.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D LDL cholesterol (koh-LES-ter-all)Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - the “bad” form of cholesterol in the blood that can clog bloodvessels and cause heart disease and strokes.
Lethargy (LETH-ar-gee)A state of sluggishness, drowsiness, and apathy.
Lipid (LIP-id)A term for fat in the body. Cholesterol, triglycerides and hormones are all forms of lipids. Lipidsare a source of energy for the body and are important for cell structure. Excess lipids in the bloodcan clog blood vessels and cause heart disease and strokes. Liriglutide (lir-a-GLOO-tide)An injectable class of drugs that mimics a gut hormone to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name:Victoza. Lispro (LYZ-proh) insulinA rapid acting insulin. Brand name: Humalog. Low blood sugar (Hypoglycemia)Occurs when a person's blood sugar (glucose) is lower than normal and is too low to provideenough energy for the body's activities. Signs include hunger, nervousness or shakiness,perspiration, dizziness or lightheadedness, sleepiness, confusion, weakness or difficultyspeaking. Treated by eating carbohydrate-rich food such as glucose tablets, fruit juice or hardcandies. Extreme lo blood sugar can be life-threatening, but can be treated with injectedglucagon.
Metaglip (MET-ah-glip)A combination of two oral medicines, metformin and glipizide, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Metabolic syndromeThe tendency of several conditions to occur together, including obesity, insulin resistance,diabetes or prediabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
Metformin (met-FOR-min)An oral medicine from the biguanide class used to treat type 2 diabetes, particularly withoverweight and obese people. May also be used in people with prediabetes. Brand names:Glucophage, Glucophage XR. Microalbuminuria (MY-kro-al-BYOO-min-your-EE-ah)The presence of small amounts of albumin, a protein, in the urine. This is an early sign of kidneydamage, or nephropathy, a common and serious complication of diabetes. People with diabetesare at very high risk for kidney (renal) disease.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Microvascular disease (MY-kro-VASK-yoo-ler)Disease of the smallest blood vessels, such as those found in the eyes, nerves, and kidneys. Thewalls of the vessels become abnormally thick but weak and may leek blood. People with diabetesare at very high risk for these conditions.
Miglitol (mig-LIH-TALL)An oral medicine to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name: Glyset.
Monofilament (foot) examA simple test using a piece of fishing line (monofilament) to test for sensation in the feet. Peoplewith diabetes are at high risk for nerve damage and poor blood flow (peripheral vascular disease)to the extremities, particularly the feet, causing them to lose feeling.
Nateglinide (neh-TEH-glin-ide)An oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name: Starlix. Nephropathy (neh-FROP-uh-thee)A serious disease of the kidneys. The kidneys filter waste from the blood, which is passed in theurine. With diabetic nephropathy, the kidneys can’t filter all the wastes and poisons build up inthe blood. If untreated, nephropathy can cause kidney failure and end stage renal disease. Peoplewith diabetes are at high risk for kidney (renal) disease.
Nerve damage (Neuropathy)Disease of the nervous system. The most common form is peripheral neuropathy (damage tonerves of the arms or legs). Autonomic neuropathy (damage to nerves controlling bodyfunctions) is occasionally seen, particularly in the gut, causing digestion problems. People withdiabetes are at high risk for nerve damage.
Neuropathy (ne-RAH-uh-thee)See nerve damage Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)Former term for type 2 diabetes, as it is now called.
Novolin (no-VO-lin)Brand name for Regular or NPH insulin.
NPH insulinAn intermediate-acting insulin. Brand names: Humulin N, Novolin N. Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D NPOA treatment order meaning nothing by mouth, meaning no eating or drinking is allowed.
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)A test to diagnose prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The test is given by a health care professionalafter an overnight fast. A blood sample is taken, then the patient drinks a high-glucose beverage.
Blood samples are taken at intervals for 2 to 3 hours. Test results are compared with a standardand show how the body uses glucose over time.
Pancreas (PAN-kree-us)An organ in the body that produces insulin. The pancreas is located behind the lower part of thestomach and helps with digestion.
PancreatitisAn inflammation of the pancreas that may result in tissue damage from the pancreas’ ownenzymes. Can be acute or chronic and is serious in either form, potentially leading tocomplications including bleeding, infection and reduced insulin production.
Periodontal disease (PER-ee-oh-DON-tul)Disease of the gums involving inflammation (gingivitis) and infection that destroys the tissuesthat support the teeth, including the gums and tooth sockets. Periodontal disease can result intooth loss and even serious systemic infections. People with uncontrolled diabetes are at greaterrisk for this condition.
Peripheral arterial (puh-RIF-uh-rul ar-TEER-y-il) disease (PAD)See peripheral vascular disease Peripheral neuropathy (puh-RIF-uh-rul ne-ROP-uh-thee)Nerve damage that affects the feet, legs, or hands, causing pain, numbness, or a tingling feeling;also see neuropathy.
Peripheral vascular (puh-RIF-uh-rul VAS-cue-lar) disease (PVD)Diseases of blood vessels outside the heart and brain. It's often a narrowing of vessels that carryblood to the legs, arms or feet. The signs of PVD are aching pains and slow-healing foot sores.
Also known as atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD), claudication, and poorcirculation. People with diabetes are at higher risk for PVD.
Pioglitazone (py-oh-GLIT-uh-zone)An oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name: Actos. Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D PneumoniaAn inflammation of the lung caused by an infection (bacterial, viral or fungal) or by aspiratingfluid into the lungs. Symptoms are difficulty breathing, cough and fever. Older people and thosewith chronic illnesses such as diabetes are sicker longer and are more likely to die from havingpneumonia. A vaccine can protect against the bacterial form of pneumonia.
Polydipsia (pah-lee-DIP-see-uh)Excessive thirst; may be a sign of diabetes.
Polyphagia (pah-lee-FAY-jee-ah)Excessive hunger; may be a sign of diabetes.
Polyuria (pah-lee-YOOR-ee-ah)Excessive urination; may be a sign of diabetes.
Postprandial (post-PRAN-dee-ul) blood sugar (glucose)The blood sugar level 1 to 2 hours after eating.
Pramlintide (PRAM-lin-tide)An injectable class of drugs for both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes that act like or mimicamylin, which helps control blood sugar. Brand name: Symlin. Prandimet (PRAN-di-met)A combination of two oral medicines, repaglinide and metformin, used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Prediabetes (pree-dy-ah-BEE-teez or –tis)A condition that occurs when a person's blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not highenough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Also known as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) orimpaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or an A1c of 5.7-6.4%, depending on the test used to diagnoseit. Most people with prediabetes go on to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years if untreated.
Studies show that the risk for developing diabetes can be cut in half with modest weight loss andchanges in diet and level of physical activity. Certain medicines can also cut the risk by one-third.
Preprandial (pree-PRAN-dee-ul) blood sugar (glucose)The blood sugar level before eating a meal.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Pressure ulcerAn area of skin that breaks down when constant pressure is placed against the skin, also knownas a decubitus ulcer. People with diabetes are more prone to develop skin ulcers, have reducedability to heal, and are at higher risk for infections in the ulcerated area.
Prominent metatarsal headSee bunion and foot problems Proteinuria (PRO-tee-NOOR-ee-uh)The presence of protein in the urine, indicating that the kidneys are not working properly.
Regular insulinA meal-time insulin. Brand names: Humulin R, Novolin R. Renal (REE-nal)Having to do with the kidneys. A renal disease is a disease of the kidneys. Renal failure meansthe kidneys have stopped working. People with diabetes are at high risk for kidney disease.
Repaglinide (reh-PAG-lih-nide)An oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name: Prandin. Retina (REH-ti-nuh)A light-sensitive layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye.
Retinopathy (RET-in-OP-a-thee)See eye disease Rosiglitazone (rose-ee-GLIH-tuh-zone)An oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name: Avandia. Saxigliptin (Saks-i-GLIP-tin)A class of oral drugs that mimics a gut hormone and is used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name:Onglyza. Sitagliptin (Sye-ta-GLIP-tin)A class of oral drugs that mimics a gut hormone and is used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand name:Januvia. Stanol (STAN-ol)A chemical present in plants and used as an over-the-counter supplement to treat high LDLcholesterol.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Steroids (steer-oyds)Drugs, such as prednisone, used to treat swelling and inflammation.
Sterol (STIR-ol)A group of steroids present in plants and used as an over-the-counter supplement to treat highcholesterol. Brand name: Benecol.
StrokeA stroke, or brain attack, is a sudden blockage in the blood supply of the brain due to cloggedarteries leading to the brain (ischemic stroke) or to bleeding into brain when a blood vessel bursts(hemorrhagic stroke). When the symptoms of a stroke last less than an hour, it is called atransient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke. A stroke occurs quickly and requires immediatetreatment. A stroke can cause sudden weakness, loss of sensation, or difficulty with speaking,seeing, or walking. Untreated, a stroke can result in lasting brain damage and disability. Peoplewith diabetes are at higher risk for stroke.
Sulfonylurea (sul-fah-nil-yoo-REE-ah)A class of oral drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand names: Amaryl (glimepiride),Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL (glipizide), DiaBeta , Micronase (glyburide).
Tachycardia (tack-a-KAR-dee-a)A rapid heart rate, especially one above 100 beats per minute in an adult.
Thiazolidinedione (THIGH-uh-ZOH-lih-deen-DYE-own) (TZD)A class of oral drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. Brand names: Actos (pioglitazone), Avandia(rosiglitazone).
Type 1 diabetesThe type of diabetes where the body no longer makes insulin. Daily insulin shots are needed tocontrol blood sugar (glucose). Previously called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetesmellitus (IDDM).
Type 2 diabetesThe most common form of diabetes. With this type of diabetes, the pancreas makes some insulin,but it is not enough or is not used correctly by the body. Previously called adult-onset diabetes ornon-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
Triglyceride (try-GLISS-er-ide)The storage form of fat in the body. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to high triglyceride levels.
See also cholesterol.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D Ulcer (UL-sur)A deep open sore or break in the skin.
Vascular dementia (VAS-kue-ler duh-MEN-shuh)A series of strokes or changes in the brain’s blood supply leads to the death of brain tissue.
Symptoms of vascular dementia can vary but usually begin suddenly, depending on where in thebrain the strokes occurred and how severe they were. The person’s memory, language,reasoning, and coordination may be affected. Mood and personality changes are common aswell. People with diabetes are at higher risk for vascular dimentia.
Diabetes Management in Long-Term Care Facilities Tool Kit D

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