Swiss-swimming.ch

PROHIBITED LIST
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail. This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2013-
The 2013 Prohibited List 10 September 2012 THE 2013 PROHIBITED LIST
WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE
Valid 1 January 2013
In accordance with Article 4.2.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code, all Prohibited Substances shall be considered as “Specified Substances” except Substances in classes S1, S2, S4.4, S4.5, S6.a, and Prohibited Methods M1, M2 and M3. SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES
(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES

S0. NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES

Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the
subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any
governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g
drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer
drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all
times.
S1. ANABOLIC AGENTS

Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

a. Exogenous* AAS, including:

1-androstenediol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol ); 1-androstenedione (5α-
androst-1-ene-3,17-dione); bolandiol (estr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol ); bolasterone;
boldenone; boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione); calusterone;
clostebol; danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4',5':2,3]pregna-4-en-20-yn-17α-ol);
dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-
1,4-dien-3-one); desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-
17β-ol); drostanolone; ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol);
fluoxymesterone; formebolone; furazabol (17α-
methyl[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3',4':2,3]-5α-androstan-17β-ol); gestrinone; 4-
hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one); mestanolone;
mesterolone; metenolone; methandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-
methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one); methandriol; methasterone (17β-hydroxy-
2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstan-3-one); methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-
methylestra-4,9-dien-3-one); methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-
5α-androst-1-en-3-one); methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-
4-en-3-one); methyltestosterone; metribolone (methyltrienolone, 17β-
hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one); mibolerone; nandrolone; 19-
norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione); norboletone; norclostebol;
norethandrolone; oxabolone; oxandrolone; oxymesterone; oxymetholone;
prostanozol (17β-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1'H-pyrazolo[3,4:2,3]-5α-
androstane); quinbolone; stanozolol; stenbolone; 1-testosterone (17β-
hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one); tetrahydrogestrinone (17-hydroxy-18a-
homo-19-nor-17α-pregna-4,9,11-trien-3-one); trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr-
4,9,11-trien-3-one); and other substances with a similar chemical structure or
similar biological effect(s).
b. Endogenous** AAS when administered exogenously:
androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol); androstenedione (androst-4-ene-
3,17-dione); dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one);
prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA, 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one);
testosterone;
and their metabolites and isomers, including but not limited to:
5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol; 5α-androstane-
3β,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol; androst-5-ene-
3α,17α-diol; androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol;
4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol); 5-androstenedione (androst-5-
ene-3,17-dione); epi-dihydrotestosterone; epitestosterone;
etiocholanolone; 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one; 3β-hydroxy-5α-
androstan-17-one; 7α-hydroxy-DHEA ; 7β-hydroxy-DHEA ; 7-keto-DHEA;
19-norandrosterone; 19-noretiocholanolone.

2. Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), tibolone,
zeranol, zilpaterol.

* “exogenous” refers to a substance which is not ordinarily capable of being
produced by the body naturally.
** “endogenous” refers to a substance which is capable of being produced by the
body naturally.

S2. PEPTIDE HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS AND RELATED
SUBSTANCES

The following substances and their releasing factors are prohibited:
1. Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents [e.g. erythropoietin (EPO),
darbepoetin (dEPO), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers,
methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA), peginesatide
(Hematide)];

2. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (CG) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in
3. Corticotrophins;
4. Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1),
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF),
Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
(PDGF), Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as well as any
other growth factor affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein
synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative
capacity or fibre type switching;
and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
S3. BETA-2 AGONISTS
All beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers (e.g. d- and l-) where relevant, are prohibited except inhaled salbutamol (maximum 1600 micrograms over 24 hours), inhaled formoterol (maximum delivered dose 54 micrograms over 24 hours) and salmeterol when taken by inhalation in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommended therapeutic regimen. The presence in urine of salbutamol in excess of 1000 ng/mL or formoterol in excess of 40 ng/mL is presumed not to be an intended therapeutic use of the substance and will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding unless the Athlete proves, through a controlled pharmacokinetic study, that the abnormal result was the consequence of the use of the therapeutic inhaled dose up to the maximum indicated above. S4. HORMONE AND METABOLIC MODULATORS
The following are prohibited:
1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to: aminoglutethimide,
anastrozole, androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione
(androstatrienedione), 4-androstene-3,6,17 trione (6-oxo),
exemestane, formestane, letrozole, testolactone.

2. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) including, but not
limited to: raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene.
3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to:
clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.

4. Agents modifying myostatin function(s) including, but not limited, to:
myostatin inhibitors.
5. Metabolic modulators:
a) Insulins
b) Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ (PPARδ) agonists
(e.g. GW 1516), PPARδ-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis
agonists (e.g. AICAR)
S5. DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTS

Masking agents are prohibited. They include:
Diuretics, desmopressin, plasma expanders (e.g. glycerol; intravenous
administration of albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol),
probenecid; and other substances with similar biological effect(s).
Local administration of felypressin in dental anaesthesia is not prohibited.

Diuretics include:
Acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlorthalidone,
etacrynic acid, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone,
thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide),
triamterene; and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar
biological effect(s) (except drospirenone, pamabrom and topical dorzolamide and
brinzolamide, which are not prohibited).

The use In- and Out-of-Competition, as applicable, of any quantity of a substance
subject to threshold limits (i.e. formoterol, salbutamol, cathine, ephedrine,
methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine) in conjunction with a diuretic or other
masking agent requires the deliverance of a specific Therapeutic Use Exemption
for that substance in addition to the one granted for the diuretic or other masking
agent.
PROHIBITED METHODS

M1. MANIPULATION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS
The following are prohibited:

1. The administration or reintroduction of any quantity of autologous,
homologous or heterologous blood or red blood cell products of any origin into the circulatory system. 2. Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including, but not limited to, perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products (e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products), excluding supplemental oxygen. 3. Any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood or blood components by
M2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
The following are prohibited:
1. Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity and validity of Samples collected during Doping Control. These include but are not limited to urine substitution and/or adulteration (e.g. proteases). 2. Intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than 50 mL per 6 hour period except for those legitimately received in the course of hospital admissions or clinical investigations.
M3. GENE DOPING

The following, with the potential to enhance sport performance, are prohibited:
1. The transfer of polymers of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues;
2. The use of normal or genetically modified cells. SUBSTANCES AND METHODS
PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
In addition to the categories S0 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above,
the following categories are prohibited In-Competition:
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S6. STIMULANTS
All stimulants, including all optical isomers (e.g. d- and l-) where relevant, are prohibited, except imidazole derivatives for topical use and those stimulants included in the 2013 Monitoring Program*.
Stimulants include:
a: Non-Specified Stimulants:
Adrafinil; amfepramone; amiphenazole; amphetamine; amphetaminil;
benfluorex; benzphetamine; benzylpiperazine; bromantan; clobenzorex;
cocaine; cropropamide; crotetamide; dimethylamphetamine;
etilamphetamine; famprofazone; fencamine; fenetylline; fenfluramine;
fenproporex; furfenorex; mefenorex; mephentermine; mesocarb;
methamphetamine(d-); p-methylamphetamine;
methylenedioxyamphetamine; methylenedioxymethamphetamine;
modafinil; norfenfluramine; phendimetrazine; phenmetrazine;
phentermine; 4-phenylpiracetam (carphedon); prenylamine; prolintane.
A stimulant not expressly listed in this section is a Specified Substance.
b: Specified Stimulants (examples):
Adrenaline**; cathine***; ephedrine****; etamivan; etilefrine; fenbutrazate;
fencamfamin; heptaminol; isometheptene; levmetamfetamine;
meclofenoxate; methylephedrine****; methylhexaneamine
(dimethylpentylamine); methylphenidate; nikethamide; norfenefrine;
octopamine; oxilofrine (methylsynephrine); parahydroxyamphetamine;
pemoline; pentetrazol; phenpromethamine; propylhexedrine;
pseudoephedrine*****; selegiline; sibutramine; strychnine;
tuaminoheptane; and other substances with a similar chemical structure or
* The following substances included in the 2013 Monitoring Program (bupropion, caffeine, nicotine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradol, synephrine) are not considered as Prohibited Substances. ** Local administration (e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) of Adrenaline or co-
administration with local anaesthetic agents is not prohibited. *** Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5
**** Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its
concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter. ***** Pseudoephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater
than 150 micrograms per milliliter.

S7. NARCOTICS

The following are prohibited:

Buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl and its
derivatives, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone,
oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.

S8. CANNABINOIDS

Natural (e.g. cannabis, hashish, marijuana) or synthetic delta 9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabimimetics (e.g. “Spice”, JWH018,
JWH073, HU-210) are prohibited.
S9. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS

All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered by oral, intravenous,
intramuscular or rectal routes.
SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR

P1. ALCOHOL

Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited In-Competition only, in the following sports.
Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or blood. The doping
violation threshold (haematological values) is 0.10 g/L. • Aeronautic (FAI)
P2. BETA-BLOCKERS

Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited In-Competition only, in
the following sports.
• Archery (FITA) (also prohibited Out-of-Competition)
• Shooting (ISSF, IPC) (also prohibited Out-of-Competition) • Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe and
Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:
Acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol,
carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol,
metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.
10 September 2012
2013 Prohibited List

Summary of Major Modifications and Explanatory Notes

SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND
OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES


S0: Non-Approved Substances
• It is clarified that veterinary products only refer to substances not

S1. Anabolic Agents
• The IUPAC names have been reviewed with the assistance of IUPAC and the appropriate changes have been introduced for the following substances :  danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4',5':2,3]pregna-4-en-20-yn-17α-ol)  ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol)  furazabol (17α-methyl[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3',4':2,3]-5α-  methasterone (17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-  prostanozol(17β-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1'H-  tetrahydrogestrinone(17-hydroxy-18a-homo-19-nor-17α-  trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one)  prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA, 3β- Summary of Major Modifications 10 September 2012 • Etiocholanolone has been added to the S1.b section as an example of The INN will be used if existing; IUPAC nomenclature will also be used when necessary for further clarity; common names will be added where considered helpful. S2. Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors and Related Substances • Insulins have been moved to S4.5.a (Metabolic Modulators) because it is considered a more appropriate category based on their mechanism of action. Other antidiabetic drugs, including exenatide and liraglutide are not prohibited. Platelet-derived preparations (PRP) were previously removed from the List after consideration of the lack of any current evidence concerning the use of these methods for purposes of performance enhancement notwithstanding that these preparations contain growth factors. Despite the presence of some growth factors, current studies on PRP do not demonstrate any potential for performance enhancement beyond a potential therapeutic effect. Note that individual growth factors are still prohibited when given separately as purified substances as described in S.2.5. Intravenous use of PRP is not permitted in accordance with M2. • The permitted delivered (inhaled) dose of formoterol has increased to 54 micrograms over 24 hours with a corresponding increase of the urinary threshold to 40 ng/mL. • For clarity, all optical isomers (d- and l-) where relevant, are prohibited. It should be noted that there are differences worldwide in the labelling of the formoterol content in inhalation devices, and that the List refers to the delivered dose of formoterol and not the metered dose. The delivered dose is the dose that leaves the mouthpiece and is available for inhalation. For example, a Symbicort® Turbuhaler®/Turbohaler® labelled as containing 12 micrograms of formoterol delivers to the patient ~9 micrograms per inhalation. If two inhalations twice a day (i.e. 48 micrograms) are administered, the delivered dose is 36 micrograms, which is the maximum approved daily dose in most countries. In some countries the permitted maximum delivered dose for temporary occasional use for treatment of asthma exacerbations is 54 micrograms over 24 hours. Where formoterol is delivered via an Aerolizer® device, studies have shown that 60-85% of the dose is delivered. WADA is continuing to evaluate other beta-2-agonists in order to establish appropriate urinary threshold levels for these products. Regardless of the dosage permitted, all athletes are encouraged to seek appropriate medical advice to ensure that they are receiving optimal treatment. For more information regarding beta-2-agonists refer to the Medical Information to Assist TUE Committees document on Asthma. Summary of Major Modifications 10 September 2012 • Insulins are included under S4.5.a (see S2 above). • “Local application” of felypressin is changed to “Local administration” for • Morphine is removed from the last paragraph as it is not a substance subject to threshold limits in the List so a TUE would always be required to use in-competition.
PROHIBITED METHODS
M1. Manipulation of blood and blood components • The title and the body of this section have been changed to encompass all kinds of manipulations of blood and blood components. As a consequence, M2.3 has been deleted, as it is now included in this revised category. • M2.3 has been deleted as it is now included in the wording of M1. • To enable a more precise definition of Gene Doping, M3.1 has been
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION

S6: Stimulants:
• For clarity, it is confirmed that all optical isomers (d- and l-) where Summary of Major Modifications 10 September 2012 As a reminder some stimulants may be available under several other names, for example “methylhexaneamine”, sometimes presented as dimethylamylamine, pentylamine, geranamine, Forthane, 2- amino-4-methylhexane, geranium root extract or geranium oil. • Another example is methylsynephrine which has been added as a
SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTS

P2. Beta-blockers
• Aeronautic (FAI), Boules (CMSB), Bridge (FMB), Ninepin and Tenpin Bowling (FIQ) and Powerboating (UIM) are removed from the list of sports in which beta-blockers are prohibited. WADA continues to re-evaluate the prohibition of beta-blockers in certain sports in conjunction with the concerned federations and other stakeholders. This has led to the removal of five more sports from this section. MONITORING PROGRAM
• In order to detect potential patterns of abuse, the following has been Summary of Major Modifications 10 September 2012

Source: http://www.swiss-swimming.ch/Portaldata/1/Resources/dokumente/allgemein/antidoping/Prohibited_List_2013_ENGLISH.pdf